Background: Accurate diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis wouldavoid unnecessary treatment and scar formation. Direct smear isthe most common method for the diagnosis of this disease but itsnegative result could not rule out the infection; so, the need formore sensitive methods is obvious. We conducted this study tocompare the efficiency of direct skin smear with smears preparedby fine needle a...

Objective: Type 2 diabetes is amongst the most common chronic illnesses in Iran. Its prevalence is increasing and it has significant economic importance. The aim of this study was to estimate direct therapeutic and non-therapeutic costs of type 2 diabetes Patients Referred to the Diabetes Research Center of Yazd in 2012. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 250 ...

Theory and experiment are compared for the electron-impact double ionization of Mg. Direct ionization cross sections, involving the simultaneous ionization of both 3s electrons, are calculated using a non-perturbative time-dependent close-coupling method. Indirect ionization cross sections, involving the ionization of either a 2p or 2s electron followed by autoionization, are calculated using a...

Time-dependent close-coupling and time-independent distorted-wave methods are used to calculate the electron-impact double-ionization cross section for the 1s22s2 ground configuration of the B+ atomic ion. The direct double-ionization cross section is calculated using the non-perturbative close-coupling method between the direct double-ionization threshold of 63.1 eV and the 1s ionization thres...

Two-proton removal reaction cross sections, from 208Pb at 1 GeV/nucleon, are estimated as an example of the direct population of (high-spin) seniority-2 isomeric states, here in 206Hg. Nucleon removal by both the stripping and diffractive mechanisms is considered. The cross sections in this specific (test) case are significant and can provide direct two-nucleon removal predictions of isomeric r...

Virus-specific CD8(+) T cells (T(CD8+)) are initially triggered by peptide-MHC Class I complexes on the surface of professional antigen presenting cells (pAPC). Peptide-MHC complexes are produced by two spatially distinct pathways during virus infection. Endogenous antigens synthesized within virus-infected pAPC are presented via the direct-presentation pathway. Many viruses have developed stra...