introduction: this in vitro study evaluated the influence of composite thickness (with or without fiber reinforcement) on fracture resistance of direct restorations in endodontically treated teeth. methods and materials: fifty-six intact human premolars were chosen and randomly divided into four groups ( n =14). after preparation of a mesio-occluso-distal (mod) cavities and cusp reduction, the ...

To realize the efficient and comprehensive utilization of specularite resources, combined with cement clinker production technology rotary kilns, coupling process direct reduction by lignite preparation cementitious material was proposed, additional aim achieving iron oxide transforming gangue component into material. Thermodynamic software used to calculate product composition when reaction re...

Methods for directly estimating the ratio of two probability density functions without going through density estimation have been actively explored recently since they can be used for various data processing tasks such as non-stationarity adaptation, outlier detection, conditional density estimation, feature selection, and independent component analysis. However, even the state-of-the-art densi...

This paper reviews spur reduction techniques used in direct digital synthesizers (DDSs) or numerically controlled oscillators (NCOs). First, the classification and operation of conventional DDSs are reviewed. Covered are the pulse output DDS, sine output DDS, fractional divider, and phase interpolation DDS. It is shown that DDSs produce spurs as well as the desired output frequency due to the a...