The aim of the relay coordination is that protection systems detect and isolate the faulted part as fast and selective as possible. On the other hand, in order to reduce the fault clearing time, distance protection relays are usually equipped with pilot protection schemes. Such schemes can be considered in the distance and directional overcurrent relays (D&DOCRs) coordination to achieve faster ...

This paper is concerned with formulating directional distance functions assuming that firms operate subject to rate-of-return regulation. To this end, we consider two different contexts. First, we assume that input prices are known, which allows us to extend the rate of return regulated version of Farrell efficiency. Secondly, we assume that input prices are unknown, showing then that a specifi...

Based on the panel data in Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2017, this paper first uses parameterized quadratic function of directional distance estimate carbon abatement costs 30 China, and further studies its long-term evolutionary characteristics. Second, spatial distribution pattern cost. The results show that cost has increased as a whole during study period. Moreover, China shows geographic...

Rising inflation in recent years has caused financial distress and many problems for companies. Most of these are affected by life cycle stages. One way out is to increase corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance. Therefore, our aim this study investigate the effect CSR performance on over company a period 10 years. Data collection was done through website Tehran Stock Exchange related...

This paper proposes a novel digital signal processing implementation of vector directional distance rational hybrid filter for impulsive, Gaussian and mixed noise suppression and fine-details preservation in color images. The Implementation was done, initially, based on digital signal processing , which proves the need to a large execution time for filtering based on vector approach. Then, we p...

Maritime transport relies on a large amounts of fossil fuels. It provides cargo-carrying services but simultaneously emits enormous by-products such as CO2, which cause climate change. The IMO has adopted mandatory measures to reduce the shipping industry’s greenhouse gas emissions by at least 70% 2050, relative 2008. In this paper, we select 11 liner companies decision-making units (DMUs) that...

We study a two-dimensional discrete directional maximal operator along the set of the prime numbers. show existence vectors, which are lattice points in a sufficiently large annulus, for $\ell^2$ norm associated maximal operator, with supremum taken over all scales, grows an epsilon power number vectors. This paper is follow-up to prior work on directional integers by first and third author.

We numerically simulate a directional coupler based on hybrid SNIMS (semiconductor-nanowire-insulator-metal strip) plasmonic waveguide using COMSOL. The distributions of electromagnetic field and longitudinal energy flux density when only fundamental mode propagates in waveguides are analyzed. The dependences of coupling length and maximum transfer power on the distance of two parallel waveguid...