Japan has the amazing beauty of nature and a four-season climate that reflects the country’s geography. As a volcanic country that locates to the east end of the Eurasian continent and faces the Japan Trench and Pacific Ocean, Japan has also experienced a large number of natural disasters. Over a long period of history, people in Japan have experienced and overcome earthquakes, tsunami, typhoon...

a r t i c l e i n f o This paper reviews the empirical literature on the economic impacts of natural disasters to inform both the modeling of potential future climate damages and climate adaptation policy related to extreme events. It covers papers that estimate the short-and/or long-run economic impacts of weather-related extreme events as well as studies identifying the determinants of the ma...