Rheumatic heart disease (RHD), secondary to group A streptococcal infection is endemic in the developing as well as parts of the developed world with significant costs to the patient, and to the healthcare system. We briefly review the prevalence and cost of RHD in developed and developing nations. We subsequently develop a Markov model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of three strategies (vs...

Bacterial endocarditis is the infection of inner lining of heart and /or heart valves. This disease is usually related to the presence of some pathogenic bacteria in mouth, digestive system or urinary tract. Most of the times, this infection happens in people with heart problems like the presence of prosthetic valves, history of previous endocarditis, some congenital heart defects and heart tra...

Due to the increasing risk of drug resistance and side effects with large-scale antiviral use, it has been suggested to provide antiviral drugs only to susceptibles who have had contacts with infectives. This antiviral distribution strategy is referred to as 'targeted antiviral prophylaxis'. The question of how effective this strategy is in infection control is of great public heath interest. I...

OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness and costs of prophylaxis for disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection in patients with AIDS. DESIGN A decision analysis model was constructed to compare rifabutin (300 mg/day), azithromycin (1200 mg/week), and clarithromycin (500 mg twice per day) with no prophylaxis. Sensitivity analysis was done on all model parameters, including init...

This review addresses new clinical issues (revealed at the 2006 Sydney update of the 1999 Sapporo Classification criteria; cardiac, renal, and multiple sclerosis-like disease; catastrophic syndrome), mechanisms of action of antiphospholipid antibody (very likely complement mediated), current therapies (moderate dose warfarin recommended for prophylaxis, aspirin not recommended for primary proph...

Calcineurin inhibition for graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis was introduced into clinical practice of bone marrow transplantation about 35 years ago. Through the early work of Storb, Deeg and Ringden it became clear that calcineurin inhibition with cyclosporine A as a single agent was more effective than methotrexate alone and that the two drugs acted synergistically (see Table 1 for...

The goal of HAE prophylaxis is to minimize the number attacks and associated disease burden, including treatment with on-demand medications. Berotralstat an oral once-daily selective plasma kallikrein inhibitor that has been shown reduce attack frequency in a Phase 3 study (NCT03485911). This analysis evaluates reduction medication patients prior prophylaxis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled ...

Background/Aim: Oral ganciclovir effectively prevents CMV disease, but late-onset CMV disease is increasingly observed in pancreas-kidney and bone-marrow transplants recipients, specially with long-term prophylaxis. Then, the aim of this study was to verify if prolonged administration of oral ganciclovir prophylaxis could induce late CMV recurrence or disease in renal transplant recipients Mate...