BACKGROUND The rollout of antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa has brought lifesaving treatment to millions of HIV-infected individuals. Treatment is lifelong, however, and to continue to benefit, patients must remain in care. Despite this, systematic investigations of retention have repeatedly documented high rates of loss to follow-up from HIV treatment programs. This paper introduces...

OBJECTIVE Previous research has shown that total sleep deprivation (TSD) of short duration (one night) affects performance to some cognitive tasks subserved by a fronto-parietal network. The aim of our study was to assess the effects of TSD on visuo-spatial attention, which is a cognitive task involving this network. Specifically, the disengagement of spatial attention was investigated with gap...

BACKGROUND Loss to follow-up (LTFU) is viewed as a major challenge in improving retention in HIV treatment. In Vietnam, the reasons for disengagement from clinics and the effect of injection drug use (IDU) on LTFU with unknown outcome (true LTFU) are not well known. METHODS Patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) from two HIV clinics in Hanoi were included in this observational study ...

Sensory processing is modulated by attention, which is a function of network states. Here we show that changes in such states do more than a simple gating of stimuli: they actually re-arrange cortical coding space to emphasize emotional valences. We delivered taste stimuli to rats before and after a spontaneous state change ("disengagement") that is associated with a reduction in attention and ...

Because items near our hands are often more important than items far from our hands, the brain processes visual items near our hands differently than items far from our hands. Multiple experiments have attributed this processing difference to spatial attention, but the exact mechanism behind how spatial attention near our hands changes is still under investigation. The current experiments sough...

BACKGROUND Most studies of school violence have focused on students. Consequently, precursors and consequences of violence experienced by teachers are less well documented. Previous research indicates that (a) verbal victimization, student misbehaviour and perceived violence at school impair teacher emotional well-being, (b) support from principal and colleagues reduces these difficulties and f...

An abundance of research demonstrates a robust association between father absence--or low-quality paternal involvement--and daughters' accelerated sexual development, promiscuity, and sexual risk taking. Although recent natural experiments provide support for fathers playing a causal role in these outcomes, these effects have not been examined using a randomized experimental design to eliminate...

This article suggests that algorithmic resistance might involve a particular and rarely considered kind of evasion—political disengagement. Based on interviews with ordinary Brazilian users Facebook, it argues some people may stop acting politically social media platforms as way avoiding an visibility regime is felt demeaning their civic voices. Three reasons given by to explain disengagement a...