In recent years and decades increasingly more emphasis has been placed on alcohol-based solutions for hygienic and surgical hand disinfection. Traditional handwashing with soap and water has been largely replaced in the everyday clinical setting, as has the use of disinfectant soap-based solutions for surgical hand disinfection. It has been possible in recent years to reduce the exposure time f...

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative spiral-shaped bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucosa and is associated with gastric diseases. It may present a morphological adaptation when it is out of its natural environment, such as in water. The morphological adaptation is a coccoid form, which is a viable but non-culturable state (VNC) in which the DNA remains active and therefore infective. Du...

Photocatalysis provides a "green" and effective strategy for water disinfection. During the photocatalytic disinfection process, intracellular organic matter (IOM) from bacterial cells may be released into the bulk solution. In this study, the role of released IOM in the photocatalytic bacterial inactivation was investigated by fractionation procedure and fluorescence excitation-emission-matrix...

There has been a concern that Clostridium botulinum might enter a defective can of low-acid food through a microleak after thermal processing and during the cooling process. This paper reviews most current surveys on bacteriological quality of cannery cooling water, bacteriological testing methods in cannery cooling water, disinfection of container cooling water in canning systems, and common t...

The objective of our work is to evaluate the scientific and economic potential of US application as a pre-treatment step in combination with UV to optimise the disinfection process of wastewaters. Ultrasound application of 20 s at low density of 30 W/l changed the particle size distribution (PSD) of the samples, the mean particle diameter dropped from 70 to 11 microm. Generally it is assumed th...

The interpretation of blood culture results has become a day-to-day problem in hospitals. The minireview by M. Weinstein provides excellent insights into the problem in a short, precise, clinically applicable form (3). The reason for the increased rate of contamination is explained in part by the difficulty of sterilizing the skin at the insertion site and/or the catheter. It is implied that on...

Photocatalytic technology is a sustainable, efficient, and eco‐friendly advanced oxidation process for addressing the hazards of microorganisms (bacteria viruses). In this article, latest results in studies on use semiconductor photocatalysts to remove their related genes (DNA RNA) from environment, including operating conditions removal efficiency, are summarized. The photocatalytic‐disinfecti...

Campylobacter is responsible for human bacterial enteritis and poultry meat is recognised as a primary source of infection. In slaughterhouses, cleaning and disinfection procedures are performed daily, and it has been suggested that disinfectant molecules might select for antibiotic resistant strains if shared targets or combined resistance mechanisms were involved. The aim of the study was to ...

Blankets may be disinfected in steam at subatmospheric pressures by temperatures below boiling point inside a suitably adapted autoclave chamber. The chamber and its contents are thoroughly evacuated of air so as to allow rapid heat penetration, and steam is admitted to a pressure of 10 in. Hg below atmospheric pressure, which corresponds to a temperature of 89 degrees C. Woollen blankets treat...

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a propanol-based hand rub at application times shorter than 3 min. The bacterial pre-value was obtained from the finger tips (prEN 12791). Subjects treated their hands with the reference procedure (n-propanol, 60%) for 3 min or the product (crossover design). Sterillium was applied for 3, 2, 1.5 and 1 min. Four other preparations were teste...