About disinformation and manipulating human consciousness, in particular the information sphere. It is substantiated that manipulation, as one of types attacks, interferes with normal life activities a person, which makes it impossible to form stable system relations, stimulates unpredictable mobility sharp fluctuations socio-political orientations assessments population, which, result, transfo...

Digitalization and the emergence of the Internet have resulted in escalating access to information and communication. Given the circumstances that soaring access to information amounts to the intensification of misinformation and disinformation, a set of critical skills to navigate and critically assess the information is necessary. This paper outlines the significance of these skills, and prov...

The explosion of disinformation accompanying the COVID-19 pandemic has overloaded fact-checkers and media worldwide, brought a new major challenge to government responses worldwide. Not only is creating confusion about medical science amongst citizens, but it also amplifying distrust in policy makers governments. To help tackle this, we developed computational methods categorise disinformation....

Abstract The spread of disinformation has received significant attention in recent years, yet little been paid to government disinformation, and whether governments may violate freedom expression not only how they regulate but also facilitate, sow it. This article analyses what extent Article 10 the ECHR is engaged by disinformation. It extends analysis from well-established violations expressi...

As well as democratizing access to information and strengthening active audiences, the internet also fosters manipulation of news propagation false violent content. Although disinformation hate speech are not new phenomena, they now expanding out control, with women, including journalists, among their targets. The aim this study is establish characteristics magnitude problem determine how it af...

This paper approaches regulatory strategies against disinformation with two main goals: (i) exploring the policies recently implemented in different legal contexts to provide insight into both risks they pose free speech and their potential address rationales that motivated them, (ii) do so by bridging policy debates recent social communications studies findings on disinformation. An interdisci...