The history of the recognition of spondylolisthesis and of the illvestigation iIltO its cause makes interesting reading. Herbiniaux (1782), a Belgian obstetrician, was possibly the first to draw attention to this lesion, although in 1741 Andry had described the cause ofa hollow back as a warping of the spine inwards. Originally attention was attracted to it as a cause ofobstruction in labour. D...

For convenience, let us rewrite v(x,y) as a function of three parameters v(dc,don, p): the compressed discontinuity dc, the oriented normalized discontinuity don, and the relative coordinates of the screen-space pixel in the projected light space p. For the parameters dc and p, the description given in the Section 3.1 of the paper is sufficient for this supplementary document. However, we need ...

Abstract In this paper, the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) is applied to simulate magnetic shape memory effect. Using makes it possible describe complicated or large deformation cases. The nonlinear bidirectional coupling terms between mechanical and field are taken into account in analysis of single-crystalline Ni-Mn-Ga sample. A two-loop iteration procedure with variable steps i...

This paper is partly born of an increasing sense of uncertainty about how to do syntax. Time was, we linguists had at our disposal a generally accepted arsenal of analytic devices to deal with a familiar range of constructions and phenomena. However, as the phenomena under study began to proliferate, so did the analyses. The increasingly baroque GB architecture began to collapse under the weigh...

The 41 0-kilometer seismic discontinuity is generally considered to be caused by a phase transformation of the main constituent of the upper mantle, olivine, ot-(Mg,Fe)2SiO4, to P-(Mg,Fe)2SiO4. Recent data show that H20 dissolves in olivine and other nominally anhydrous mantle minerals and that the partitioning of H20 between olivine and P-(Mg,Fe)2Si04 is about 1:10. Such behavior strongly affe...

This paper presents the boundary integral equation method (BIEM) for stress intensity factors and elasticity T-stresses evaluation in 3D problems. Flat rectangular, elliptic, penny-shaped cracks rectangular crack on a cylindrical surface have been investigated. The hyper-singular integrals are treated with Taylor’s series expansion of kernel, Chebyshev polynomials second kind used to solve equa...

The Lüders plateau behaviour is a phenomenon of stress discontinuity associated with strain localisation which can affect the fracture mild steel subjected to plastic strains. Together experimental studies biaxial loading tests digital image correlation (DIC), this work considers effect on mechanical L450 loading, using so-called “up-down-up” (UDU) constitutive model in finite element analyses ...

A comprehensive investigation was carried out to minimize the cost price of the rock fragmentation process including: drilling, blasting, secondary blasting and separating the large boulders (oversize rocks) while loading, until the optimized fragmentation, powder factor and ratio of burden (B) to blasthole diameter (?h) were achieved by doing several stages of drilling and blasting practically...