We propose a new graph metric and study its properties. In contrast to the standard distance in connected graphs [5], it takes into account all paths between vertices. Formally, it is defined as d(i, j) = qii+qjj−qij−qji [11], where qij is the (i, j)-entry of the relative forest accessibility matrix Q(ε) = (I + εL)−1, L is the Laplacian matrix of the (weighted) (multi)graph, and ε is a positive...

Presettlement forest types were mapped as fuzzy sets from point data representing trees contained in General Land O ce survey notes (circa 1850) for Chippewa County, Michigan. The resulting representation agreed with a polygon map of the same forest types at 66% of the locations (represented as grid cells) in the county. Boundary vagueness was de® ned in relation to the slope of a linear funct...

Demographic and physical factors influencing the conversion of commercial timberland in the south to nonforestry uses between the last two Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) surveys were investigated. GIS techniques linked Census data and FIA plot level data. Multinomial logit regression identified factors associated with losses to the timberland base. Conversion to agricultural uses represented t...

We propose a new graph metric and study its properties. In contrast to the standard distance in connected graphs [5], it takes into account all paths between vertices. Formally, it is defined as d(i, j) = qii+qjj−qij−qji [11], where qij is the (i, j)-entry of the relative forest accessibility matrix Q(ε) = (I + εL)−1, L is the Laplacian matrix of the (weighted) (multi)graph, and ε is a positive...

spatial pattern of trees can possibly indicate stand history, population dynamics, and species competition. this research was investigated in the chahartagh forest reserve, ardal region, chaharmehal and bakhtiari province, central zagros forest, and southwest iranian state. in this study 53 hectare of the study area was selected and perfect inventory.  information includes the position and kind...

The ability to measure trees remotely or at a distance may be of value to forest inventory processes. Within three forest types (young coniferous, old coniferous, and deciduous), we compared laser caliper measurements collected at distances up to 12 m from each tree, to direct contact caliper measurements. Bitterlich sector-fork measurements and diameter tape measurements were also collected fo...

We propose a new graph metric and study its properties. In contrast to the standard distance in connected graphs [5], it takes into account all paths between vertices. Formally, it is defined as d(i, j) = qii+qjj−qij−qji [11], where qij is the (i, j)-entry of the relative forest accessibility matrix Q(ε) = (I + εL)−1, L is the Laplacian matrix of the (weighted) (multi)graph, and ε is a positive...

The proliferation of oil palm plantations has led to dramatic changes in tropical landscapes across the globe. However, relatively little is known about the effects of oil palm expansion on biodiversity, especially in key ecosystem-service providing organisms like pollinators. Rapid land use change is exacerbated by limited knowledge of the mechanisms causing biodiversity decline in the tropics...

SIMREG is a non-deterministic tree-level distance independent forest model that can simulate growth, yield and management on regional scale while representing the wide diversity of composition, structure found in stands. It composed several sub-models to represent main dynamics (growth, recruitment, removal, clearcut reforestation) account for species stand density, tree size social status, own...