Five cases are presented to exemplify technical difficulties and complications which may be encountered when performing distraction osteogenesis in the facial skeleton. The procedure should be performed under close supervision by the surgical and orthodontic colleagues. Errors in the choice of vector may be managed by earlier removal of the distractor and subsequent traction on the previously o...

OBJECTIVE To test whether a head-mounted display helmet enhances the effectiveness of videogame distraction for children experiencing cold pressor pain. METHOD Forty-one children, aged 6-14 years, underwent one or two baseline cold pressor trials followed by two distraction trials in which they played the same videogame with and without the helmet in counterbalanced order. Pain threshold (ela...

This study examined the effect of background music upon performance of creative and non-creative individuals on a reading comprehension task. In the presence of musical distraction and silence, 54 individuals (27 creative) carried out reading comprehension tasks in a repeated measures design. An interaction was predicted, such that musical distraction would have a greater negative effect on the...

Attending to emotional stimuli is often beneficial, because they provide important social and environmental cues. Sometimes, however, current goals require that we ignore them. To what extent can we control emotional distraction? Here we show that the ability to ignore emotional distractions depends on the type of cognitive control that is engaged. Participants completed a simple perceptual tas...

The specific aim of this study was to determine the response of alveolar bone after it was augmented vertically using distraction osteogenesis and subsequently loaded with implant restorations. Four dogs each had four implants placed horizontally into an edentulous mandibular quadrant and, after integration, a distraction osteogenesis device was fabricated in the laboratory. An osteotomy was ma...

The underlying pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea is beginning to be unraveled better in recent years. Mandibular hypoplasia is now considered to be a significant reason for this disorder. Mandibular hypoplasia can result from a variety of causes including congenital like, mandibulofacial dysostosis, and acquired conditions like TMJ ankylosis. The use of distraction osteogenesis for the...

Distraction and inattention are considered to be very important and prevalent factors in the causation of road accidents. There have been many recent research studies which have attempted to understand the circumstances under which a driver becomes distracted or inattentive and how distraction/inattention can be prevented. Both factors are thought to have become more important in recent times p...

Alveolar bone grafting is a standard method for treating alveolar cleft. To ensure the best outcome, improving the arch form as well as soft tissue quality in the area around the cleft is recommended. In this study, 11 patients who presented with alveolar cleft and collapsed maxillary arch were treated in the following sequence: transpalatal distraction osteogenesis followed by soft tissue surg...

We reviewed 173 patients undergoing distraction osteogenesis to determine the incidence, location and timing of fractures occurring as a complication of the procedure. There were 17 fractures in 180 lengthened segments giving an overall rate of fracture of 9.4%. Unexpectedly, the pattern and location of the fractures were very variable; six were within the regenerate itself, six at the junction...

Nicotine is the main chemical component in tobacco products and its effect on bone healing remains controversial. Distraction osteogenesis is an endogenous tissue engineering technique which provides an excellent platform to study bone healing and regeneration. This study aims to evaluate the dose dependent effect of nicotine on bone regeneration using a rabbit model of mandibular distraction o...