 A novel analog divider is described in this paper. The circuit enables the division of a dc voltage with another dc voltage. The constant of the division is dependent upon a third dc voltage and a pair of resistors. Employing a precision source for the third dc voltage and matched resistors, an acceptable level of accuracy can be obtained. Keywords-sawtooth wave; integrator; comparator; analo...

The idea for designing the Divider unit is adopted from ancient Indian mathematics "Vedas" .Vedic Mathematics is the old method of computing. With the advent of new technology in the fields of VLSI and communication, there is also an always increasing demand for high speed processing and low area design. Divider is an important fundamental function in arithmetic operations. It is also known fac...

In this paper, the closed-form design method of an Nway dual-band Wilkinson hybrid power divider is proposed. This symmetric structure including N groups of two sections of transmission lines and two isolated resistors is described which can split a signal into N equiphase equiamplitude parts at two arbitrary frequencies (dual-band) simultaneously, where N can be odd or even. Based on the rigor...

In this paper, we present a broadband out-of-phase power divider with high power-handling capability. The proposed device consists of several sections of double-sided parallel-strip lines (DSPSLs), a mid-inserted conductor plane, and two external isolation resistors, which are directly grounded for heat sinking. A through ground via (TGV), connecting the top and bottom sides of DSPSLs, is emplo...

This paper first presents the architecture of a frequency synthesizer which can support multistandard wireless systems of GPS, Galileo, and WCDMA standards. Then, a programmable integer/fractional combined frequency divider (CFD), which is the key building block of the proposed frequency synthesizer, is designed and implemented by using 0.18μm RF CMOS process. The CFD mainly consists of an inte...

The demand for lower cost, lower power, and multiband RF circuits increased in conjunction with need of higher level of integration. In this project a low-power singlephase clock multiband flexible divider for Bluetooth, Zigbee, and Network standard’s 802.15.4 and 802.11 a/b/g Wireless LAN frequency synthesizers is proposed based on pulse-swallow topology and is implemented. The frequency synth...

A novel Gysel power divider based on patch type structure is presented in this paper. The proposed power divider possesses broad bandwidth, small physical occupation and arbitrary power division. More than 30% bandwidth enhancement is achieved based on the −15 dB input return loss criteria, while 55% size reduction is realized compared with conventional Gysel power divider. What’s more, flat di...

Multiangle, fiber-based, spectral-domain Doppler optical coherence tomography with a phase-resolved algorithm is presented to measure three components of an arbitrary velocity vector. A beam divider that divides a probe beam to have five independent viewpoints and path length delays was designed. The divider was inserted into the sampling arm of a Doppler optical coherence tomography system bet...

Starting from the scattering matrix formulation, three useful properties are derived that characterize the dissipative loss and the corresponding efficiency of a multi-port, passive microwave network. Elementary examples are considered that involve both reciprocal and nonreciprocal networks to demonstrate the utility of the expressions provided. When applied to the equal-split, matched, three-p...

In this paper, PLL are most frequently used for Local Oscillator (LO) signal generation in wireless radio transceivers to down convert the carrier frequency to lower or intermediate frequency . The input reference frequency is 6.4 MHz. The architecture used for the design of Frequency synthesizer was Integer-N architecture. This was designed using 0.25 μm technology. The VCO designed was a CMOS...