Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the major reason for end stage renal disease in the western world. Patients with DN developed more severe cardiovascular complications with worse prognosis. In spite of tight blood pressure and glucose control through applying angiotensin II receptor antagonism, angiotensin receptor inhibitors and even direct renin inhibitors, the progression and development of DN h...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe micro vascular complication accompanying diabetes mellitus that affects millions of people worldwide. End-stage renal disease occurs in nearly half of all DN patients, resulting in large medical costs and lost productivity. The course of DN progression is complicated, and effective and safe therapeutic strategies are desired. While the complex nature of DN ...

Podocyte injury is an important mechanism of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Accumulating evidence suggests that nephrin expression is decreased in podocyte in DN. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that tongxinluo (TXL) can ameliorate renal structure disruption and dysfunction in DN. However, the effect of TXL on podocyte injury in DN and its molecular mechanism is unclear. In order to explore the ...

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disorder caused by the combined effects of genetic inheritance and environmental factors. The abnormal secretion of albumin via urine is the characteristic feature of a diabetic nephropathy (DN) patient. Moreover, the detection of this observable characteristic feature of DN is quite late. As a result the time, at which DN is observable, large extent of kidney...

BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the USA and worldwide, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. A genetic factor for the development of DN is strongly implicated, as only one third of diabetic patients eventually develop kidney disease. Growing evidence also supports an important role of epigenet...

BACKGROUND The Fas pathway is a major regulator of T cell homeostasis, however, the T cell population that is controlled by the Fas pathway in vivo is poorly defined. Although CD4 and CD8 single positive (SP) T cells are the two major T cell subsets in the periphery of wild type mice, the repertoire of mice bearing loss-of-function mutation in either Fas (lpr mice) or Fas ligand (gld mice) is p...

KEY POINTS A cerebellar dentate nuclei (DN) contribution to volitional oculomotor control has recently been hypothesized but not fully understood. Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare neurometabolic disease typically characterized by DN damage. In this study, we compared the ocular movement characteristics of two sets of CTX patients, with and without brain MRI evidence of DN involvem...

Introduction: Gadolinium deposition in the human brain, especially Globus Pallidus (GP) and Dentate Nucleus (DN) has been reported after administration of linear Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents (GBCAs). This study aims to determine whether repeated injections macrocyclic GBCA are associated with an increased Signal Intensity (SI) on T1-weighted sequences oncologic pediatric patients. Materials...

the solvatochromism of fluoresceine and its derivatives was studied in solvents of different hydrogen bond donor (hbd), hydrogen bond acceptor (hba), donor number (dn) and acceptor number (an) by their uv-vis spectra. results showed that position, intensity and shape of absorption bands change with type of solvent. these changes can be rationalized by solvatochromic parameters such as α, β, et ...