Two-factor authentication (2FA) schemes aim at strengthening the security of login-password–based authentication by deploying secondary authentication tokens. In this context, mobile 2FA schemes require no additional hardware (such as a smartcard) to store and handle the secondary authentication token, and hence are considered as a reasonable tradeoff between security, usability, and cost. They...

State machine learning is a useful technique for automating reverse engineering. In essence, it involves fuzzing different sequences of inputs for a system. We show that this technique can be successfully used to reverse engineer hand-held smartcard readers for Internet banking, by using a Lego robot to operate these devices. In particular, the state machines that are automatically inferred by ...

Sflash is a multivariate signature scheme, and a candidate for standardisation, currently evaluated by the European call for primitives Nessie. The present paper is about the design of a highly optimized implementation of Sflash on a low-cost 8-bit smart card (without coprocessor). On top of this, we will also present a method to protect the implementation protection against power attacks such ...

Consider a memoryless degraded broadcast channel (DBC) in which the channel output is a singleletter function of the channel input and the channel noise. As examples, for the Gaussian broadcast channel (BC) this single-letter function is regular Euclidian addition and for the binary-symmetric BC this single-letter function is Galois-Field-two addition. This paper identifies several classes of d...

We present the use of direct bonded copper (DBC) for the straightforward fabrication of high power atom chips. Atom chips using DBC have several benefits: excellent copper/substrate adhesion, high purity, thick (> 100 μm) copper layers, high substrate thermal conductivity, high aspect ratio wires, the potential for rapid (< 8 hr) fabrication, and three dimensional atom chip structures. Two mask...

Aim To investigate the level of agreement between three non-invasive methods for hrHPV diagnosis in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC, OPSCC) mucosal lesions. Materials For DNA FTA Elute card™ Anyplex II HPV28™ were used mRNA PreTect SEE™ tumour patients (n=60), non-tumour lesions (n=51), immunosuppression or previous hrHPV-infection (n=32). Results The DNA-methods was 82.2% ...

Cybercriminals are constantly prowling the depths of cyberspace in search of victims to attack. The motives for their attacks vary: some cybercriminals deface government websites to make political statements; others spread malicious software to do large-scale harm; and others still are monetary motivated. In this paper we will concentrate on “cyber fraudsters”. At the time of this writing, a pr...

In India, the credit card usage as well as the penetration has been found to be very low compared to that of debit cards. Though banks offer the best of the services, still there are apprehensions about the risks involved in using a credit card in India. Hence, this study investigates the customer’s adoption behavior of credit cards and determines the factors which influence the acceptance amon...

Black carbon (BC), pyrogenic organic matter generated from the incomplete combustion of biomass, is ubiquitous in the environment. The molecular structures which comprise the BC pool of compounds are defined by their condensed aromatic core structures polysubstituted with O-containing functionalities (e.g., carboxyl groups). Despite the apparent hydrophobicity of BC molecules, a considerable po...