Gastrointestinal nematode infections pose a major threat to small ruminant production. is a helminth parasite that feeds on blood of small ruminant animals and causes anaemia, anorexia, loss of condition, and eventual death of the host animal. The parasite is particularly found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide [1]. In Nigeria and most developing countries, parasitic helminths cause...

greenhouse gases have been of serious global concern to environmentalists. enteric ruminal fermentation and manure are seen to be responsible for global warming. based on a better understanding of positive tan-nin effects on ruminant nutrition, the feeding value of browse trees and shrubs containing tannin, their roles on methanogenic rumen microbes in overcoming the production of enteric ferme...

biosurfactants are surface-active compounds produced by microorganisms. in this study, we collected 60 inguinal area and ear canal samples from cows, sheep, and goats (each, 10 animals) and screened for biosurfactant-producing bacteria. we also determined the genera of culturing strains. fifty six hemolytic bacterial strains (27, 22 and 7, from cows, sheep and goats, respectively) were isolated...

I. Eighty bull calves, comprising forty-eight Ayrshire and sixteen each of the Friesian and Jersey breeds, were used in a randomized block experiment. Forty calves were maintained at a mean environmental temperature of 21' and forty at 14.5'. Within each temperature, twenty calves were reared from birth on a liquid milk substitute diet (pre-ruminant calves) and twenty were weaned at 35 d of age...

Abstract Food is often one of the most distinctive expressions social, religious, cultural or ethnic groups. However, archaeological identification specific religious dietary practices, including Jewish tradition keeping kosher , associated with ritual food practices and taboos, very rare. This arguably oldest known diets across world and, for an observant Jew, maintaining laws (known as Kashru...

Female ruminants are susceptible to spontaneous ketosis arising at times of high productive demand. The dairy cow is most susceptible during the first 7 weeks of lactation, whereas the ewe is susceptible, particularly when multifoetate, during the last month of pregnancy. The disorder is characterized by signs of carbohydrate insufficiency and adipose-tissue mobilization. Those of carbohydrate ...

Contradictory evolutionary histories of ruminant lysozymes have been predicted by analysis of genomic blots (Irwin, D. M., Sidow, A., White, R. T., and Wilson, A. C. (1989) in The Immune Response to Structurally Defined Proteins: The Lysozyme Model (Smith-Gill, S. J., and Sercarz, E. E., eds) pp. 73-85, Adenine Press, Guilderland, NY) and sequences of cow stomach lysozyme cDNAs (Irwin, D. M., a...

The objective was to determine the effect of forage quality on apparent total tract digestibility and ruminal fermentation in cattle versus sheep. Five yearling English crossbred (Hereford × Angus) steers (440.4 ± 35.6 kg of initial BW) and 5 yearling whiteface (Rambouillet × Columbia × Debouillet) wethers (44.4 ± 4.6 kg of initial BW), each fitted with a ruminal cannula, were randomly assigned...