a roman dominating function (rdf) on a graph g = (v,e) is defined to be a function satisfying the condition that every vertex u for which f(u) = 0 is adjacent to at least one vertex v for which f(v) = 2. a set s v is a restrained dominating set if every vertex not in s is adjacent to a vertex in s and to a vertex in . we define a restrained roman dominating function on a graph g = (v,e) to be ...

For a graph $G$ let $gamma (G)$ be its domination number. We define a graph G to be (i) a hypo-efficient domination graph (or a hypo-$mathcal{ED}$ graph) if $G$ has no efficient dominating set (EDS) but every graph formed by removing a single vertex from $G$ has at least one EDS, and (ii) a hypo-unique domination graph (a hypo-$mathcal{UD}$ graph) if $G$ has at least two minimum dominating sets...

Let D be the minimum dominating set of intuitionistic fuzzy graph G. The minimum intuitionistic fuzzy cardinality of all edge dominating set of intuitionistic fuzzy graph G is known as edge domination number and it is denoted by γe(G). In this Paper, we initiate some definitions onedge dominating set concerning intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Further, we investigate some results onedge domination nu...

A three colors competition model on (Z) governed by directed last passage percolation is considered. A stochastic domination argument between subtrees of the last passage percolation tree is put forward. Applied to the case of exponential random times, it allows us to prove that coexistence is possible, i.e. three unbounded colored areas occur with positive probability. Furthermore, asymptotic ...

A graph G is k-colorable if G has a proper vertex coloring with k colors. The chromatic number (G) is the minimum number k such that G is k-colorable. A bcoloring of a graph with k colors is a proper coloring in which each color class contains a color dominating vertex. The largest positive integer k for which G has a b-coloring with k colors is the b-chromatic number of G, denoted by b(G). Th...

Assume we have a set of k colors and to each vertex of a graph G we assign an arbitrary subset of these colors. If we require that each vertex to which an empty set is assigned has in its neighborhood all k colors, then this is called the k-rainbow dominating function of a graph G. The corresponding invariant γrk(G), which is the minimum sum of numbers of assigned colors over all vertices of G,...

A Roman dominating function (RDF) on a graph $G$ is a function $f : V (G) to {0, 1, 2}$satisfying the condition that every vertex $u$ for which $f(u) = 0$ is adjacent to at least onevertex $v$ for which $f(v) = 2$. A Roman dominating function $f$ is called an outer-independentRoman dominating function (OIRDF) on $G$ if the set ${vin Vmid f(v)=0}$ is independent.The (outer-independent) Roman dom...

A Roman dominating function on a graph G = (V,E) is a function f : V → {0, 1, 2} satisfying the condition that every vertex u with f(u) = 0 is adjacent to at least one vertex v with f(v) = 2. The weight of a Roman dominating function is the value f(G) = ∑ u∈V f(u). The Roman domination number of G is the minimum weight of a Roman dominating function on G. The Roman bondage number of a nonempty ...

Let $G = (V, E)$ be a simple graph of order $n$. The total dominating set is a subset $D$ of $V$ that every vertex of $V$ is adjacent to some vertices of $D$. The total domination number of $G$ is equal to minimum cardinality of total dominating set in $G$ and denoted by $gamma_t(G)$. The total domination polynomial of $G$ is the polynomial $D_t(G,x)=sum d_t(G,i)$, where $d_t(G,i)$ is the numbe...

A contribution is made to the classification of lattice-like total perfect codes in integer lattices Λn via pairs (G,Φ) formed by abelian groups G and homomorphisms Φ : Z → G. A conjecture is posed that the cited contribution covers all possible cases. A related conjecture on the unfinished work on open problems on lattice-like perfect dominating sets in Λn with induced components that are para...