polyvinylidene fluoride/polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvdf/pvp) hollow fiber membranes were fabricated by dry-jet wet-spinning process. the correlated effects of the air gap length and pvp concentration ((1) the air gap length effect at the low and high pvp concentration in the dope solutions, as well as (2) the effect of the pvp concentration at the same air gap length) on the cross-section structure ...

Background. There are many examinations of doping in individual sports but less so team sports. Methods. A simple decision theoretic model is constructed and analysed for the incentives decisions member professional Results. Depending on detection probability punishment dopers, members do not dope at all, a medium or maximal level. The whole has higher incentive than an that least some its dope...

The sensitive effect of O2 adsorption on the electronic properties of organic semiconductors is investigated by band structure calculation. O2 can actually p-dope the host materials even without illumination, i.e., a ground state property, in the circumstance of saturated coverage. Due to hybridization between O2 and polymer, Fermi level of the oxygenated system is pinned at the nearly half-fil...

We find that the sensitivity of gramicidin A channels to the anesthetic halothane is highly lipid dependent. Specifically, exposure of membranes made of lamellar DOPC to halothane in concentrations close to clinically relevant reduces channel lifetimes by 1 order of magnitude. At the same time, gramicidin channels in membranes of nonlamellar DOPE are affected little, if at all, by halothane. We...

• The air gap effect on PVDF hollow fiber membranes is much more evident for the dope solution with the high PVP concentration than low PVP concentration. • Large macro-voids/cavities in PVDF hollow fiber membranes are suppressed to the finger-like macro-voids and the separation layer is thickened when increasing PVP concentration in dope solution. • The hydrophilicity and viscosity of polymer ...

We investigated the feasibility of transferring naked plasmid DNA containing a therapeutic gene (IL-12) into mice harboring growing Renca tumors. We found that naked DNA transferred into growing Renca and B16(F10) tumors gives higher expression level of reporter gene than complexes of DNA with DDAB/DOPE or DC-Chol/DOPE. Transfer of naked DNA carrying the IL-12 gene into growing Renca tumors cau...