1 2 3 Nicotinic Excitation of Serotonergic Projections from Dorsal Raphe 4 to the Nucleus Accumbens 5 6 7 Running Head: Nicotinic receptors in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus 8 9 Ben Chang, Claire Daniele, Keith Gallagher, Michelle Madonia, Robert D. 10 Mitchum, Lindy Barrett, Paul Vezina , & Daniel S. McGehee. 11 Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Committee on Neurobiology, Department 12 of Ps...

NADPH-diaphorase is a useful technique to reveal NO producing neurons at light microscopic level (LM). A modification of the technique using the tetrazolium salt BSPT as substrate, is useful to study the ultrastructure of NO neurons. The aim of this work was to perform a detailed analysis of NADPH-diaphorase reactive neurons in rat mesencephalon both at light and electron microscopic levels. NA...

Exposure to adverse environments during early development is a known risk factor for several psychiatric conditions including antisocial behavior and personality disorders. Here, we induced social anxiety and altered social recognition memory in adult mice using unpredictable maternal separation and maternal stress during early postnatal life. We show that these social defects are not only pron...

The term 'learned helplessness' refers to a constellation of behavioral changes that follow exposure to stressors that are not controllable by means of behavioral responses, but that fail to occur if the stressor is controllable. This paper discusses the nature of learned helplessness, as well as the role of the dorsal raphe nucleus, serotonin, and corticotropin-releasing hormone in mediating t...