Introduction: The introduction of digital radiography has led to a significant problem in terms of dose creep. To address this problem, manufacturers have established a set of exposure indicators (EI) as a feedback mechanism to safeguard against overexposure. The EI is the measure of incident exposure to the detector that is directly proportional to the signal-to-noise...

OBJECTIVE To assess the reduction of estimated radiation dose in abdominal computed tomography following the implementation of new scan protocols on the basis of clinical suspicion and of adjusted images acquisition parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective and prospective review of reports on radiation dose from abdominal CT scans performed three months before (group A - 551 studies) a...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of radiation dose reduction in the chest CT using a weight-based adjustment of the automatic exposure control (AEC) technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS With Institutional Review Board Approval, 60 patients (mean age, 59.1 years; M:F = 35:25) and 57 weight-matched patients (mean age, 52.3 years, M:F = 25:32) were scanned using a weight-adjusted AEC and non-weight-a...

This study sought to quantitatively evaluate the reduction of radiation dose in coronary angiography and angioplasty with the use of image noise reduction technology in a routine clinical setting. Radiation dose data from consecutive 605 coronary procedures (397 consecutive coronary angiograms and 208 consecutive coronary interventions) performed from October 2014 to April 2015 on a coronary an...

conclusion despite multiple exposures, ed control is more effective if wss is performed using apmdr in the aec mode. results using apmdr, the mean number of exposures was 6.1 for ap and 6.5 for lat projections. lat projections required more exposures (6.55%) than ap projections. the mean ed was 0.6276 msv (ap) and 0.6716 msv (lat). the mean ed for lat projections was 0.6061 msv in automatic exp...

Doses for panoramic dental radiography are assessed in terms of the dose-width product (DWP) or dose-area product, which gives a measure of the radiation through a whole exposure. The DWP can be measured using a pencil ionisation chamber (IC) similar to that used for computed tomography dose assessment. However, ICs are sensitive to radiation incident from all directions and so backscatter from...

Inhalation product development is an important area of activity for the pharmaceutical sector. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are becoming increasingly common and there is growing recognition of the benefits of the pulmonary route for systemic drug delivery. The industry is responding by investing heavily in both formulation and device research. Inhalation delivery plat...

Dose-response studies of botulinum toxin for reduction of sweating are sparse in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the most appropriate concentrations of Botox®, Dysport®, Xeomin® and NeuroBloc®, respectively, in order to achieve the greatest reduction in sweating, thus reducing the costs and increasing the safety of treatment. Four concentrations of each product were inves...

In Nigeria, a large number of radiographic examinations are conducted yearly for various diagnostic purposes. However, most examinations carried out do not have records of doses received by the patients, and the employed exposure parameters used are not documented; therefore, adequate radiation dose management is hin-dered. The aim of the present study was to estimate the dose-area product (DAP...

Patient dosimetry studies in diagnostic radiology in Nigeria have been on measurement of entrance skin dose and effective dose. Another important and easy to measure radiation dose descriptor that could be used to assess patient dose in radiological procedures is dose area product (DAP). Knowledge of DAP with location and projection of X-ray beam allows direct calculation of organ dose and effe...