Twenty patients with torticollis had electromyographic studies of their neck muscles performed before and after a series of local injections of botulinum toxin. The pattern of muscle activity changed after the injections, and this effect persisted even after head position had returned to baseline. Patients who did not experience any clinical benefit from the injections also demonstrated a chang...

Introduction: One of the protective concepts in the interpretation of radiation damage in radiobiology is the radioadaptive response. The objective of this present report is to evaluate the induction of radioadaptive response in male rats by injection of pre-irradiated serum with low doses X-radiation intraperitoneally.   Materials and Methods: 80 male adul...

  Ionizing radiation has long been known to produce detrimental biological effects. Although these harmful effects are the results of high doses of exposure, some other maladies such as mutation and cancer seems  to be induced at low doses of exposure. In recent decades, however, some pioneer scientists have indicated that ionizing radiation like many other essential agents has toxic effects  ...

In reality, humans are always exposed to a combination of toxic substances and seldom to a single agent. Simultaneous exposure to a multitude of chemicals could result in unexpected consequences. The combined risk may lead to greater or less than a simple summation of the effects induced by chemicals given individually. Here, a method is proposed for estimating the cumulative risk which is the ...

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dependency of MAGICA polymer gel dosimeter response (R2) on different electron energies as well as on different mean dose rate for a standard clinically used linear accelerator. Materials and Methods: The sensitivity of the dosimeter was represented by the slope of calibration curve in the linear region measured for each modalit...

  In this study, we investigated the effect of nicotinic receptor agonists and antagonists on the analgesic response to morphine in the formalin test. In experiments conducted in mice, nicotine produced an early dose-dependent analgesic effect. At a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, mecamylamine, a nicotinic receptor inhibitor, suppressed the analgesic effect induced by 0.1 mg/kg nicotine in both stages of th...

BACKGROUND The true dose effect in flexible-dose clinical trials may be obscured and even reversed because dose and outcome are related. METHODS To evaluate dose effect in response on primary efficacy scales from 2 randomized, double-blind, flexible-dose trials of patients with bipolar mania who received olanzapine (N = 234, 5-20 mg/day), or patients with schizophrenia who received olanzapine...

A review of the author’s findings over four decades will show that the lognormal probability density function can be fit to many types of positive-variate radiation measurement and response data. The cumulative lognormal plot on probability vs. logarithmic coordinate graph paper can be shown to be useful in comparing trends in exposure distributions or responses under differing conditions or ex...