An in-line ionization chamber has been developed for the real-time measurement of the absolute intensity of the pulsed parametric X-ray (PXR) beam during irradiation experiments. The quasi-monochromatic PXR generating system was developed at the Laboratory for Electron Beam Research and Application (LEBRA) in Nihon University. In contrast to typical narrow X-ray beams in synchrotron radiation f...

We describe an optical beam converter for an efficient transformation of Gaussian femtosecond laser beams to single- or double-charge vortex beams. The device achieves a conversion efficiency of 75% for single- and 50% for double-charge vortex beams and can operate with high-energy broad bandwidth pulses. We also show that the topological charge of a femtosecond vortex beam can be determined by...

An alternative method for quantitative phase retrieval in a transmission X-ray microscope system at sub-50-nm resolution is presented. As an alternative to moving the sample in the beam direction in order to analyze the propagation-introduced phase effect, we have illuminated the TXM using X-rays of different energy without any motor movement in the TXM system. Both theoretical analysis and exp...

A method for a compact lens-less image encoding system using diffraction grating and random phase masks is presented. Lensless double phase encoding is implemented using diffraction grating. The Beam Propagation Method (BPM) is used to analyze optical waveguide grating. The phase keys functions and grating parameters are the encryption keys. Simulation results are presented in support of the pr...

This paper reports on the investigation of the double K-shell ionization of metallic aluminum induced by photon and electron impact. The experimental method consisted to measure the K hypersatellite spectra resulting from the radiative decay of double 1s vacancy states by means of high-resolution x-ray spectroscopy using a Bragg-type von Hamos crystal spectrometer. Measurements of the photon-in...

A comprehensive description of an alignment procedure for double-mirror (Franks) cameras is presented.* It is intended to serve as a practical laboratory guide. The method is summarized in a flow chart and illustrated by beam photographs and intensity profiles. Principals underlying the method are explained. Detailed procedures are given for the initial alignment of the mirrors, optimizing the ...

Energy harvesting is a conventional method to collect the dissipated energy of a system. In this paper, we investigate the optimal location of a piezoelectric element to harvest maximum power concerning different excitation frequencies of a vibrating cantilever beam. The cantilever beam oscillates by a concentrated sinusoidal tip force, and a piezoelectric patch is integrated on the beam to gen...

This paper aims at investigating the nonlinear behavior of a system which is consisting of two free-free beams which are connected by a nonlinear joint. The nonlinear system is modelled as an in-extensional beam with Timoshenko beam theory. In addition, large amplitude vibration assumption is taken into account in order to obtain exact results. The nonlinear assumption in the system necessities...

This study deals with the vibration and stability analysis of double-graphene nanoribbon-system (DGNRS) based on different nonlocal elasticity theories such as Eringen's nonlocal, strain gradient, and modified couple stress within the framework of Rayleigh beam theory. In this system, two graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are bonded by Pasternak medium which characterized by Winkler modulus and shear...