INTRODUCTION The American health care system is in a period of historic change that is certain to impact all health care professions and provider organizations. These changes are the result of the rapid transition from a delivery system based on indemnity insurance that pays submitted charges to individual physicians, pharmacists, and hospitals to one that is founded on capitated contracts with...

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In this paper, we consider the problem of optimal reinsurance design, when risk is measured by TrTVaR measure. We study models from perspectives both insurers and reinsurers. To reduce ex-post moral hazard, assume that contracts satisfy principle indemnity incentive-compatible constraint. When losses an insurer a reinsurer are measures, obtain explicit forms Pareto-optimal under expected value ...

 Schemes that make use of ex-ante risk transfer instruments, including indemnity and index-based insurance and insurance-linked securities (e.g. catastrophe bonds, catastrophe swaps, and weather hedges).  Schemes where the public sector, the private sector or both (as public-private partnerships) play a role in their set up and operation.  Schemes that have been implemented (fully operationa...