Patterning the dorsal surface of the Drosophila blastoderm embryo requires Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and Screw (Scw), two BMP family members. Signaling by these ligands is regulated at the extracellular level by the BMP binding proteins Sog and Tsg. We demonstrate that Tsg and Sog play essential roles in transporting Dpp to the dorsal-most cells. Furthermore, we provide biochemical and genetic evid...

Decapentaplegic (Dpp) is a Drosophila member of the Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-beta)/Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) superfamily of growth factors. Dpp serves as a classical morphogen, where concentration gradients of this secreted factor control patterning over many cell dimensions. Regulating the level of Dpp signaling is therefore critical to its function during development. One t...

The proteins necessary for signal transduction in cells responding to ligands of the TGF-beta family are largely unknown. We have previously identified Mad (Mothers against dpp), a gene that interacts with the TGF-beta family member encoded by decapentaplegic (dpp) in Drosophila. Assay of Mad's role in the DPP-dependent events of embryonic midgut development demonstrates that Mad is required fo...

The proteins necessary for signal transduction in cells responding to ligands of the TGF-β family are largely unknown. We have previously identified Mad (Mothers against dpp), a gene that interacts with the TGF-β family member encoded by decapentaplegic (dpp) in Drosophila. Assay of Mad’s role in the DPP-dependent events of embryonic midgut development demonstrates that Mad is required for any ...

Diabetes mellitus has been demonstrated to be closely associated with osteoporosis. Accordingly, hypoglycemic therapy is considered effective in treating metabolic bone disease. Recently, the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, a new type of antidiabetic drug, on bone metabolism have been widely studied. This review mainly describes the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors on bone meta...

Article points 1. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4Is) inhibit the activity of DPP-4 to prolong the effects of native glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), whereas GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) provide activation of the GLP-1 receptor while remaining resistant to degradation by DPP-4. 2. Both DPP-4Is and GLP-1RAs provide glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes, and GLP-1RAs are ...

AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) proteins, and the clinical significance of the two proteins in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (IHCC). METHODS Expression patterns and subcellular localizations of NEP and DPP IV proteins in 186 primary IHCC and 60 noncancerous...

background: there is a rapidly growing trend in the consumption of herbal remedies in the developing countries. the phoenix dactylifera date palm pollen (dpp) is used in the traditional medicine for male infertility. the aim of this study was to determine the effects of orally administered dpp on the reproductive system of adult male rats.   methods: fifty sprague-dawley rats were maintained ac...

The Drosophila BMP5/6/7/8 homolog, glass bottom boat (gbb), has been shown to be involved in proliferation and vein patterning in the wing disk. To better understand the roles for gbb in wing development, as well as its relationship with the Drosophila BMP2/4 homolog decapentaplegic (dpp), we have used clonal analysis to define the functional foci of gbb during wing development. Our results sho...

Two new diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based sensitizers (DPP-Br, DPPCN2) and a novel dyad DPP-NDI (NDI = naphthalene diimide) were synthesized and investigated for use in NiO p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (p-DSCs). The simple push-pull DPP-CN2 gives a promising photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.07% with the iodide/triiodide electrolyte while the PCE of the dyad reaches 0.18% with a cobalt ...