We predict, qualitatively, the structural transitions in microemulsion systems induced by nonionic polymers, by virtue of their ability to associate with the surfactant assemblies. The predictions are made possible by linking (a) theoretical calculations of the domains of existence of oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) droplet microemulsions with (b) the experimental observation that on ...

to determine the droplet characteristics of agricultural spray nozzles through water sensitive paper (wsp), the non-circular and overlapped spots appearing on the water sensitive paper surfaces are eliminated. in the conventional approach, the procedure is done according to the subjective self determined estimation of the operator. the objective of this study was to develop a practical alternat...

background: in this study, an electroscrubber was designed and experimented for e valuation of integrating particle and droplet charging effects separately and jointly on collection efficiency of a spray tower and also to discover the optimal condition. methods: a homogenous concentration of relatively fine particles was introduced to influent air stream and electroscrubber efficiency in purify...

BACKGROUND Management of congestive heart failure (CHF) is dependent on clinical assessments of volume status, which are subjective and imprecise. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is useful in the diagnosis of CHF, but how POCUS findings correlate with therapy remains unknown. This study aimed to determine whether the changes in clinical evaluation of CHF with treatment are mirrored with change...

Association between two variables may be reversed by marginalizing over another possibly unobserved background. This reversal is called the Yule-Simpson paradox (Yule, 1903; Simpson, 1951). To avoid the reversal, many authors discussed collapsibility of association measures over a background (Wermuth, 1987; Geng, 1992; Cox and Wermuth, 2003). Causal effects and relationships among variables may...

Increasing lung volume increases upper airway patency and decreases airway resistance and collapsibility. The role of diaphragm contraction in producing these changes remains unclear. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of selective diaphragm contraction, induced by phrenic nerve stimulation, on upper airway collapsibility and the extent to which any observed change was attributab...

In this article, we study the quantified constraint satisfaction problem (QCSP) over infinite domains. We develop a technique called collapsibility that allows one to give strong complexity upper bounds on the QCSP. This technique makes use of both logical and universalalgebraic ideas. We give applications illustrating the use of our technique.

A case of isolated dilation of inferior vena cava with diminished inspiratory collapse is reported. There was no other abnormality. Diameter and collapsibility of IVC should be interpreted in collaboration with other clinical and echocardiographic parameters before drawing any definative conclusion.

A triangulation of a 3-manifold can be shown to be homeomorphic to the 3-sphere by describing a discrete Morse function on it with only two critical faces, that is, a sequence of elementary collapses from the triangulation with one tetrahedron removed down to a single vertex. Unfortunately, deciding whether such a sequence exist is believed to be very difficult in general. In this article we pr...

Let A be an idempotent algebra on a 3-element domain D that omits a G-set for a factor. Suppose A is not αβ-projective (for some α, β ⊂ D so that α ∪ β = D and α ∩ β 6= ∅) and is not collapsible. It follows that A is switchable. We prove that, for every finite subset ∆ of Inv(A), Pol(∆) is collapsible. We also exhibit an algebra that is collapsible from a non-singleton source but is not collaps...