BACKGROUND The rapid growth of prescription drug expenditures is a major problem in South Korea. Accordingly, the South Korean government introduced a positive listing system in 2006. They also adopted various price reduction policies. Nevertheless, the total expenditure for lipid-lowering drugs have steadily increased throughout South Korea. The present study explores the factors that have inf...

This paper presents a new copula-based approach for analyzing panel data in which (1) the observed multivariate outcomes are a mixture of zeros and continuouslymeasured positives, with the zeros accounting for a nontrivial proportion of the sample; (2) both the zero and positive outcomes show state dependence and dynamic interdependence (cross-equation lagged dependence); and (3) the zeros and ...

The LifeMasters Supported SelfCare demonstration program provides disease management (DM) services to Florida Medicare beneficiaries who are also enrolled in Medicaid and have congestive heart failure (CHF), diabetes, or coronary artery disease (CAD). The population-based program provides primarily telephonic patient education and monitoring services. Findings from the randomized, intent-to-tre...

OBJECTIVE To examine variation in patients' access to a set of cancer drugs through publicly funded provincial drug programs. DATA SOURCES/STUDY DESIGN We surveyed provincial drug program managers about their highest-expenditure intravenous and oral cancer drugs. We then investigated whether the same cancer drugs account for the highest expenditures across the provincial programs. We also com...

If public funds are allocated efficiently, then an increase in funding should improve the performance of substance abuse treatment programs. In the data used in this paper, performance (measured as abstinence rates) and expenditures per patient are not positively correlated. One explanation is that funding is endogeneous, i.e. programs treating more difficult patients receive more funding. The ...

BACKGROUND Canadians pay amongst the highest generic drug prices in the world. In July 2010, the province of Ontario enacted a policy that halved reimbursement for generic drugs from the public drug plan, and substantially lowered prices for private purchases. We quantified the impact of this policy on overall generic drug expenditures in the province, and projected the impact in other province...

background health expenditures are divided in two parts of public and private health expenditures. public health expenditures contain social security spending, taxing to private and public sectors, and foreign resources like loans and subventions. on the other hand, private health expenditures contain out of pocket expenditures and private insurances. each of these has different effects on the ...

background one of the main objectives of health systems is the financial protection against out-of-pocket (oop) health expenditures. oop health expenditures can lead to catastrophic payments, impoverishment or poverty among households. in iran, health sector evolution plan (hsep) has been implemented since 2014 in order to achieve universal health coverage and reduce the oop health expenditures...

In this paper we study the impact of reference pricing (RP) on entry generic firms in pharmaceutical market. For given prices, RP increases firms' expected profit, but since also stimulates price competition, is theoretically ambiguous. order to empirically test effects RP, exploit a policy reform Norway 2005 that exposed subset drugs RP. Having detailed product-level data for wide set substanc...

OBJECTIVE To examine the health care expenditures associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in medical care settings. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of health insurance claims data. SETTING Administrative claims database for a national sample of privately insured individuals. PARTICIPANTS Children and adolescents 17 years and younger with a diagnosis of a mental disorder between 200...