This paper proposes and defends an Interface Transparency Thesis concerning how linguistic meanings are related to the cognitive systems that are used to evaluate sentences for truth/falsity: a declarative sentence S is semantically associated with a canonical procedure for determining whether S is true (cf. Dummett 1973, Horty 2007); and while this procedure need not be used as a verification ...

OBJECTIVE Passive smoking leads to melanin pigmentation on gingiva. However, documentation of gingival pigmentation and salivary amylase activity in passive smokers relative to the duration of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), is incomplete and requires further investigation. Thus, this study aimed to assess effects of ETS exposure on gingival pigmentation in young adults. In addit...

Reading ‘x̂(Fx)’ as ‘the value-range of the concept F ’, Basic Law V thus states that, for every F and G, the value-range of the concept F is the same as the value-range of the concept G just in case the F s are exactly the Gs. In Frege: Philosophy of Mathematics, Michael Dummett (1991, pp. 217–22) raises the question how the serpent entered Eden, that is, how we should understand the genesis of...

1993. McDermott, Michael. "Redundant Causation." British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 40 (1995): 523-544. Mellor, D. H. The Facts of Causation. London: Routledge, 1995. Mellor, D. H. "Fixed Past, Unfixed Future." In Contributions to Philosophy: Michael Dummett, edited by Barry Taylor, 166-186. The Hague: Nijhoff, 1986. Menzies, Peter. "Probabilistic Causation and Causal Processes: A Cr...

What makes necessary truths true? I argue that all truth supervenes on how things are, and that necessary truths are no exception. What makes them true are proofs. But if so, the notion of proof needs to be generalized to include verification-transcendent proofs, proofs whose correctness exceeds our ability to verify it. It is incumbent on me, therefore, to show that arguments, such as Dummett’...

Wright’s Truth and Objectivity seeks to systematise a variety of anti-realist positions. I argue that many objections to the system are avoided by transposing its talk of truth into talk of warrant. However, a problem remains about debates involving ‘direction-of-fit’. Dummett introduced ‘anti-realism’ as a philosophical view informed by mathematical intuitionism. Subsequently, the term has bee...

§1. Overview. Philosophers and mathematicians have drawn lots of conclusions from Gödel’s incompleteness theorems, and related results from mathematical logic. Languages, minds, and machines figure prominently in the discussion. Gödel’s theorems surely tell us something about these important matters. But what? A descriptive title for this paper would be “Gödel, Lucas, Penrose, Turing, Feferman,...

Psychological research into children’s sensitivity to testimony has primarily focused on their ability to judge the likely reliability of speakers. However, verbal testimony is only one means by which children learn from others. We review recent research exploring children’s early social referencing and imitation, as well as their sensitivity to speakers’ knowledge, beliefs, and biases, to argu...

A number of authors have noted that Quine seems to be of two minds regarding the rational revisability of logic (Arnold and Shapiro 2007, Haack 1974a, Dummett 1978a, Priest 2006a). Although Quine is clearly committed to the rational revisability of logic, some of his other philosophical commitments appear to rule out its possibility. His commitment to rational revisability is clear because he e...

Frege, it is often said, liberated the theory of meaning and logic from epistemology. He despised the neo-Kantian Erkenntnistheorie of his time as just another form of psychologism. He was not interested in how we come to know numbers, meanings and logical laws, but in what it is for numbers, meanings, and logical laws, to be the objects of knowledge, independently of any human subject. He acce...