The presence of H+3 in the interstellar medium was forecast almost four decades ago. Almost three decades ago it was asserted that its reactions with neutral molecular and atomic species directly lead to the production of many of the interstellar molecules that have been discovered by radio and infrared astronomers. With the recent detection of H+3 in interstellar space, astronomers finally hav...

Some cellular editing functions can restrict the replication of some viruses but contribute to completion of the life cycle of others. A recent study has identified an isoform of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA type 1 (ADAR 1) as required for embryogenesis, and as a restriction factor for a number of important RNA virus pathogens. The dual implication of key cellular functions in the inna...

Although general order multivariate Padé approximants were introduced some decades ago, very few explicit formulas for special functions have been given. We explicitly construct some general order multivariate Padé approximants to the class of so-called pseudo-multivariate functions, using the Padé approximants to their univariate versions. We also prove that the constructed approximants inheri...

The Russian economist Kondratjev (1926) suggested looking at the different technologies of these past 200 years in terms of a sequence of waves or cycles. These waves start on a small scale triggered by some new scientific discovery. Suddenly this discovery becomes visible in the shape of new technology in response to some new need or expectation in society. Subsequently the waves develop into ...

Severe forms of protein–energy malnutrition still occur, but they are associated most commonly with devastating natural disasters and civil unrest. With the exception of sub-Saharan Africa, progress in combating chronic undernutrition is also occurring. The prevalence of vitamin and mineral deficiencies has also declined in nearly all countries, although the pace is slow for some micronutrient ...

since 3 decades ago, dental equipments and technologies as well as materials have been greatly improved and numerous effective treatment modalities have been discovered. as a result, the number of survived teeth have been greatly increased and many studies have been conducted in this regard. fluride therapy is found as an effective treatment modality and can reduce dental caries up to 60%, due ...

The Wisconsin glaciation was started a approximately 125,000 years ago and reached its lowest extend between 20,000 to 21,000 years ago during which the sea level fell 120 to 130 meter. At the end of the ice age, about 18,000 years ago, the sea level increased and reached its present level about 5,000 years ago. The Persian Gulf was exposed in the last glacial moment (LGM). After this moment, t...