Orientalism, proposed by Edward Said (1995), refers to the network of interlocking discourses about the “orient” constructed in western civilization. The orients, in western conceptions, are stereotypically inflated others drastically different from the collective imagination of the civilized West. Said’s argument was initially focused more on Europe and Islamic Culture, but has been applied to...

in this research, it has been tried to survy the norooz celebration and its challenges in the islamic civilization, esp. in the caliph periods. since this ancient celebration was full of moral and humanistic concepts, it could immediately find a special harmong with the newly formed islamic culture. this celebration has been presented in the arabic literature in different forms. there fore, in ...