It is known that the calcium-dependent transcription factor NFAT initiates transcription in response to pulsatile loads of calcium signal. However, the relative contributions of calcium oscillation frequency, amplitude, and duty cycle to transcriptional activity remain unclear. Here, we engineer HeLa cells to permit optogenetic control of intracellular calcium concentration using programmable L...

Abstract—A novel circuit for generating a signal embedded with features about data from three sensors is presented. This suggested circuit is making use of a resistance-to-time converter employing a bridge amplifier, an integrator and a comparator. The second resistive sensor (Rz) is transformed into duty cycle. Another bridge with varying resistor, (Ry) in the feedback of an OP AMP is added in...

Energy conservation is one of the striking research issues now-a-days for power constrained wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and hence, several duty-cycle based MAC protocols have been devised for WSNs in the last few years. However, assimilation of diverse applications with different QoS requirements (i.e., delay and reliability) within the same network also necessitates in devising a generic d...

A new approach based on pulse electrodeposition is demonstrated to be an attractive technique to replace conventional powder type membrane electrode assembly (MEA) preparation methods. The performance of the catalyst layer is optimized by controlling the pulse deposition parameters such as the peak current density, duty cycle and the total charge density. The peak current density and the pulse ...

With the evolution of IoT embedded devices and their broad application, security has become crucial. Security comes at a cost to these limited devices in terms of energy. However, evaluating security cost is not straightforward, as there are many factors involved, such as the employed security services and type of hardware. This research studies the impact of duty cycle protocols on security co...

This paper addresses the problem of engineering energy-efficient target detection applications, using unattended Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with random node deployment and partial coverage, for long-lasting surveillance of areas of interest. As battery energy depletion is a crucial issue, an effective approach consists in switching on and off, according to proper duty cycles, sensing and c...

A 0.13μm CMOS clock-harvesting receiver is presented which extracts a 21Hz clock embedded within the GSM standard for the wake-up of a wireless sensor network. In active mode, the receiver achieves -87dBm sensitivity with 57μs of jitter at the output while consuming 126μW. The receiver is optimized for heavy duty-cycling with a sleepmode power consumption of only 81pW. Index Terms — Analog inte...

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that destructs the cartilage within joints. Even though RA cannot be cured, its progress can be slowed and its symptoms can be managed by applying microcurrent and thermal therapy to enhance the healing process of the joints. This research aims to combine two different therapeutic modalities: Microcurrent Electrical Therapy (MET) and t...