Inverse maximum flow (IMDF), is among the most important problems in the field ofdynamic network flow, which has been considered the Euclidean norms measure in previousresearches. However, recent studies have mainly focused on the inverse problems under theHamming distance measure due to their practical and important applications. In this paper,we studies a general approach for handling the inv...

Climate change is one of the most important issues affecting different economic sectors. Although this phenomenon has had a larger effect on the agricultural sector due to the heavy dependence of agriculture on weather conditions as compared to the other economic sectors, other economic sectors such as the industry, mining and service sectors are also influenced by weather changes due to their ...

Abstract A large literature examines how citizens in violent conflicts react to the conflict's events, particularly escalations. Nevertheless, temporal nature of these attitudinal changes remains under-studied. We suggest that popular reactions greater violence are typically immediate but brief, indicating short-term emotional responses physical threats. Over longer term, however, public opinio...