the main purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of trade openness on the employment and the real wage for the iranian food and beverage industries over the year 2007. for this purpose in this study, the ratio of export to production value has been considered as a proxy for trade openness and the main model has been estimated using a dynamic panel data (dpd) approach. the main findin...

Policy evaluation is central to economic data analysis, but economists mostly work with observational in view of limited opportunities carry out controlled experiments. In the potential outcome framework, panel approach (Hsiao et al., 2012) constructs counterfactual by exploiting correlation between cross-sectional units data. The choice control units, a key step its implementation, nevertheles...

Studying Non-Performing Financing (NPF) factors in the Indonesian Islamic banking sector is crucial to mitigating credit risk. In this study, we used factor analysis determine indicators of internal and external banking, then system GMM estimation techniques examine dynamic effect on NPF with panel data set at 14 Commercial Banks 20 Business Units 33 provinces from 2015 2019. The empirical resu...