BACKGROUND Belly dancer's dyskinesia is an extremely rare condition. It manifests as semicontinuous, slow, writhing, sinuous abdominal wall movements that are bothersome to the patient. Management of this condition is extremely difficult and challenging. METHODS We describe four patients with belly dancer's dyskinesia who were treated with Botulinum Toxin A (BTX) injections under ultrasound g...

BACKGROUND Tardive dystonia and dyskinesia are potentially irreversible neurological syndromes. Successful electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) has been reported by multiple sources; however, the existing retrospective reviews and open prospective trials provide little information on the response rate. METHODS Eighteen consecutive patients with tardive dystonia or dyskinesia received a standard ...

Biliary dyskinesia is a functional gastrointestinal disorder of the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi. Diagnosis is made on the basis of symptoms of biliary colic in the absence of cholelithiasis and gallbladder inflammation. Palpatory findings of tissue texture changes at midthoracic levels (T6-T9) may correspond to visceral dysfunction related to the biliary system. Osteopathic manipulative t...

In a prevalence study of 335 psychiatric in-patients 49 patients (14.6%) with tardive dyskinesia were found. In view of the high prevalence of spontaneous dyskinetic syndromes in elderly patients only patients under 60 years were included (n = 21; mean age: 44.9). Clinical rating was performed with the AIMS-scale. CT measurements of ventricular enlargement and cortical atrophy were obtained. Ta...

vous system; other abnormalities are typical effects of drugs with neuroleptic action. A factor analysis on the most frequently occurring motor disorders generated the following symptom clusters: (1) tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and attendant symptoms; (2) buccolingual-masticatory dyskinesia, astasia, dyskinesia of the lower extremities and posture in extension; and (3) dyskinesia of the upp...

Epilepsy and paroxysmal dyskinesia are two episodic cerebral disorders that can share a common genetic basis. Rare families with infantile seizures and paroxysmal dyskinesia [predominantly paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD)], co-inherited as a single autosomal dominant trait, have been described (infantile convulsions with paroxysmal choreoathetosis; ICCA syndrome) and a disease gene has b...

Several studies (Famuyiwa et al. 1979; Struve and Wilner 1983; Wolf et al. 1983; Myslobodsky et al. 1985) point to an association between tardive dyskinesia and cognitive functioning, although these findings are not always replicated (Pryce and Edwards 1966; Edwards 1970; Donnelly and Jeste 1981). The present study was conducted to further evaluate the relationship between cognitive function an...

Because of the efficacy of specific gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists in tardive dyskinesia, the authors tested the benzodiazepine clonazepam in a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover trial in 19 chronically ill patients with tardive dyskinesia who were being treated with neuroleptics. They found a 35% decrease in dyskinesia ratings with clonazepam treatment. Th...

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an umbrella term typically used to describe a movement disorder associated with the use of neuroleptic (anti-psychotic) medication. It is characterized by abnormal, repetitive and involuntary movements. The movements may be around the mouth and face (orofacial dyskinesia) and less frequently, in the trunk and limbs (trunk and limb dyskinesia). TD occurs in over 20% of...