BACKGROUND Few studies have addressed whether abnormalities in the lenticular nucleus (LN) are characteristic transcranial sonography (TCS) echo features in patients with primary dystonia. This study aimed to explore alterations in the basal ganglia in different forms of primary focal dystonia. METHODS cross-sectional observational study was performed between December 2013 and December 2014 i...

Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery; Interdisciplinary Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory; Department of Psychiatry. Dystonia can be classified according to its etiology as primary, dystonia-plus, secondary, heredodegenerative, and psychogenic. Pure lingual dystonia is rare but not uncommon in association with other cranial dystonia. Ho...

Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions causing twisting and repetitive movements and abnormal postures. Diagnosing dystonia may be difficult, because of variability of dystonia presentation, uncertain recognition of the specific clinical signs, wide etiological spectrum, and coexistence of other movement disorders. The major difficulties in the diagnostic...

Dystonia commonly accompanies tremors but the prevalence of the association is controversial. Oppenheim had already described that tremors were associated with dystonic symptoms in “Dystonia Musculorum Deformans” in the early 20th century (Oppenheim et al, 1911, as cited in Jedynak et al., 1991). Yanagisawa analyzed idiopathic dystonia with electromyography and found that dystonia was associate...

Dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that cause twisting movements and abnormal postures. Functional imaging consistently reveals cerebellar overactivity in dystonic patients regardless of the type or etiology of the disorder. To explore mechanisms that might explain the basis for the cerebellar overactivity in dystonia, normal mice were challenge...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Primary focal or segmental dystonia is a rare clinical condition. The clinical features of dystonia have not been evaluated in China. We performed a study to investigate the epidemiology of primary dystonia and its clinical variants in an adult population. METHODS A Botulinum Toxin Clinic-based study was conducted in the period 18 May through 8 October 2010 in East Chin...

BACKGROUND In juvenile Huntington disease (HD), dystonia as well as parkinsonism and eye movement abnormalities may be the predominant motor signs rather than chorea. Several patients have come to our attention with adult-onset HD in whom there is prominent dystonia and minimal chorea (ie, an adult-onset form of HD that resembles juvenile HD). OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of these ca...

Background Lingual dystonia is a subtype of oromandibular dystonia, which is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary sustained or intermittent contraction of the masticatory and/or tongue muscles. Lingual dystonia interferes with important daily activities, such as speaking, chewing, and swallowing, resulting in vocational and social disability. Objective The aim of this study was to...

IMPORTANCE Dystonia is a heterogeneous neurologic disorder characterized by abnormal muscle contractions for which standard medical therapy is often inadequate. For such patients, therapeutic brain stimulation is becoming increasingly used. OBJECTIVES To review the evidence and effect sizes for treating different types of dystonia with different types of brain stimulation and to discuss recen...

Idiopathic scoliosis is a common disorder characterized by abnormal curvature of the spine with onset typically in adolescence. Adult-onset primary torsion dystonia (AOPTD) is a focal dystonia with onset in early-middle age consisting of abnormal twisting or directional movements and postures; common phenotypes include cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, and focal hand dystonia. Numerous case rep...