Metabolic changes can influence inflammatory responses to bacteria. To examine whether localized manipulation of the mevalonate pathway impacts innate immunity, we exploited a unique mucosal disease model, endometritis, where inflammation is a consequence of innate immunity. IL responses to pathogenic bacteria and LPS were modulated in bovine endometrial cell and organ cultures by small molecul...

The mam4 mutation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe causes mating deficiency in h- cells but not in h+ cells. h- cells defective in mam4 do not secrete active mating pheromone M-factor. We cloned mam4 by complementation. The mam4 gene encodes a protein of 236 amino acids, with several potential membrane-spanning domains, which is 44% identical with farnesyl cysteine carboxyl methyltransferase encode...

Helicobacter pylori colonizes the human gastric epithelium and causes diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, and stomach cancer. Undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase (UPPS), which catalyzes consecutive condensation reactions of farnesyl pyrophosphate with eight isopentenyl pyrophosphate to form lipid carrier for bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis, represents a potential target for developi...

the genus tanacetum l. belongs to the asteraceae family and anthemideae tribe is one of the most important medicinal plants that contains 26 species in iran, 12 of them are endemic. this paper reports the essential oil composition of tanacetum uniflorum (fisch. & c.a. mey. ex dc.) sch.bip. growing spontaneously in salmas (north-west of iran). essentail oil extracted by water distillation and st...

Compounds of the terpenoid class play numerous roles in the interactions of plants with their environment, such as attracting pollinators and defending the plant against pests. We show here that the genome of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) contains 44 terpene synthase (TPS) genes, including 29 that are functional or potentially functional. Of these 29 TPS genes, 26 were expressed in a...

The Grignard reagent obtained from 2-(6-bromohexyloxy)-tetrahydropyrane, by treatment with anhydrous manganese(II) chloride was transformed to the corresponding organomanganese reagent, which was coupled with E-l-bromo-3-hexeneby treatment with anhydrous manganese chloride. Further deprotection and acetylation furnished E-9-dodecen-l-yl acetate. A second procedure involved the coupling of E-3-h...

A dynamic model of glucose overflow metabolism in batch and fed-batch cultivations of Escherichia coli W3110 under fully aerobic conditions is presented. Simulation based on the model describes cell growth, respiration, and acetate formation as well as acetate reconsumption during batch cultures, the transition of batch to fed-batch culture, and fed-batch cultures. E. coli excreted acetate only...

anti-oxidant effects of propofol (2, 6-diisopropylphenol) were evaluated agains carbon tetrachloridet ccl4 -induced oxidative stress in rat liver. 30 male rats were equally divided in to 6 groups (5 rats each). group i (control), while group ii was given ccl4 (3 ml /kg/day, ip). animals of groups iii received only propofol (10 mg/kg/day, ip). group iv was given propofol+ ccl4. group v was admin...

BACKGROUND Plants of Euphorbiaceae are used in folkloric medicines in variety of ailments and well known for chemical diversity of their isoprenoid constituents. This study was carried out to explore the preliminary wound healing potential of four Euphorbia species (E. consorbina 1, E. consorbina 2, E. inarticulata, E. balsamifera and E. schimperi). MATERIALS AND METHODS Excision wound surfac...

Impaired remyelination is critical to neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS), which causes chronic and relapsing neurological impairments. Recent studies revealed that immunomodulatory activity of statins in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS are via depletion of isoprenoids (farnesyl-pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate) rather than cholesterol in im...