We investigated differences between immature and mature hippocampal neurons in their response to deprivation of oxygen and glucose (in vitro ischemia), using intracellular recording techniques from CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat brain slices. The membrane was more depolarized in immature hippocampal CA1 neurons (postnatal day 7, P7) compared with the adult neurons (P140), and the apparent input r...

Elk-1, a member of the ternary complex factor family of Ets domain proteins that bind serum response elements, is activated by phosphorylation in a cell-specific manner in response to growth factors and other agents. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether Elk-1 activation contributes to glucose-/depolarization-induced Ca(2+)-dependent induction of immediate early response gen...

Neuronal gap junctional hemichannels, composed of pannexin-1 subunits, have been suggested to play a crucial role in epilepsy and brain ischaemia. After a few minutes of anoxia or ischaemia, neurons in brain slices show a rapid depolarization to ∼-20 mV, called the anoxic depolarization. Glutamate receptor blockers can prevent the anoxic depolarization, suggesting that it is produced by a catio...

Koizumi, Amane, Shu-Ichi Watanabe, and Akimichi Kaneko. Persistent Na current and Ca current boost graded depolarization of rat retinal amacrine cells in culture. J Neurophysiol 86: 1006–1016, 2001. Retinal amacrine cells are depolarized by the excitatory synaptic input from bipolar cells. When a graded depolarization exceeds the threshold level, trains of action potentials are generated. There...

Simultaneous left and right atrial surface electrograms were obtained from the right and left atria of 30 chick embryos. These were divided into 3 equal groups that were studied at 15 to 16, 10 to 11, and 5 to 7 days of incubation. The embryos were removed from the shell with their circulation intact and temperature maintained constant. In an early stage of development (5 to 6 days), the left a...

6-((4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-propionyl)amino)hexanoic acid ryanodine (BODIPY-ryanodine) binding and Ca(2+) imaging were used to study the properties of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and cytoplasmic Ca(2+) (Ca) changes in neurons cultured from the embryonic rat hippocampus during the earliest stages of differentiation. Baseline Ca levels declined from 164 +/- 5 (SD)...

Quenching relaxor ferroelectric 0.94(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3–0.06BaTiO3 (NBT-6BT) enhances the depolarization temperature (Td), linked to stabilization of order. The thermal evolution domain structure and phase assemblage provides insights about onset order in quenched materials. Unpoled furnace cooled NBT-6BT ceramics were studied using situ temperature-dependent transmission electron microscopy. rhom...

Modest depolarization of the mitochondrial inner membrane potential is known to attenuate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation. Transient pharmacologic uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation results in modest depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential and confers protection against subsequent cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Whether cardiac mitochondri...