Wind loads on structures under the buffeting action of wind gusts have traditionally been treated by the ‘‘gust loading factor’’ (GLF) method in most major codes and standards around the world. In this scheme, the equivalent-static wind loading used for design is equal to the mean wind force multiplied by the GLF. Although the traditional GLF method ensures an accurate estimation of the displac...

The non-Gaussian random fields are used to modelling some dynamic loads generated by wind turbulence, ocean waves, earthquake ground motion etc. These fields also represent the uncertain properties of different materials (reinforced concrete, composite, soils etc.). This paper presents some methods and the corresponding algorithms to the numerical simulation of stationary non-Gaussian random fi...

For most existing bridges, supporting continuous traffic loads is the basic function. However, in addition to this load, bridges are exposed to environmental (Frangopol and Soliman, 2015 [1]), as well as various other complex loads, that are mostly random in nature, such as earthquake, flow-included loadings, wind and so on. All these loading conditions need to be considered and must satisfy th...

In the current engineering practices, buildings are commonly designed for an effective lifetime of 50 years. This lifetime can increase the cost of buildings with short lifetimes and can reduce the safety level of buildings with large lifetimes. In this paper, a “service-life factor” has been defined. Applying this factor into the nominal values of live, earthquake, wind, and snow loads, the ef...

Wind loads on structures under the buffeting action of wind gusts have traditionally been treated by the ‘‘gust loading factor’’ (GLF) method in most major codes and standards around the world. In this scheme, the equivalent static wind loading used for design is equal to the mean wind force multiplied by the GLF. Although the traditional GLF method ensures an accurate estimation of the displac...

In the current engineering practices, buildings are commonly designed for an effective lifetime of 50 years. This lifetime can increase the cost of buildings with short lifetimes and can reduce the safety level of buildings with large lifetimes. In this paper, a “service-life factor” has been defined. Applying this factor into the nominal values of live, earthquake, wind, and snow loads, the ef...

Abstract The modern design and construction of buildings have led to the adoption irregular shapes which can attract large seismic forces induce stress concentrations in building itself. To investigate this fact a number research studies been carried out. This study presents review summary performance considering vertical irregularity subjected earthquake loadings. be found by using linear nonl...

Common factor analysis (CFA) and principal component analysis (PCA) are widely used multivariate techniques. Using simulations, we compared CFA with PCA loadings for distortions of a perfect cluster configuration. Results showed that nonzero PCA loadings were higher and more stable than nonzero CFA loadings. Compared to CFA loadings, PCA loadings correlated weakly with the true factor loadings ...

IN THIS STUDY, WE HAVE INVESTIGATED THE IMPACTS OF HAZARDOUS EARTHQUAKES THAT OCCURRED MARMARA REGION ON NUSRETIYE CLOCK TOWER WHICH IS ONE HISTORICAL HERITAGES LOCATED CITY ISTANBUL. ANALYZED SEISMICITY AND PERFORMED NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSES UNDER REAL ARTIFICIAL GROUND MOTION DATA SET TO CONTRIBUTE PROTECTING CULTURAL HERITAGE ITS TRANSMISSION FUTURE GENERATIONS. CALCULATE PARAMETERS (B- VA...