BACKGROUND The need for routine axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with invasive breast cancer and low-volume sentinel node (SN) involvement is questionable. Accurate prediction of second echelon lymph node involvement could identify those patients most likely to benefit from ALND. METHODS A consecutive series of 317 patients with invasive breast cancer and a tumor positive axi...

This study examined trajectories of posttraumatic growth or depreciation (i.e., positive or negative life change) in personal strength and relationships after 2 major earthquakes in Canterbury, New Zealand using group-based trajectory modeling. Participants completed questionnaires regarding posttraumatic growth or depreciation in personal strength and relationship domains 1 month after the fir...

Entrepreneurs have created a number of new Internet-based platforms that enable owners to rent out their durable goodswhen not using them for personal consumption. We develop amodel of these kinds of markets in order to analyze the determinants of ownership, rental rates, quantities, and the surplus generated in these markets. Our analysis considers both a short run, before consumers can revise...

This paper is concerned with the coordination of inventory control in divergent multiechelon inventory systems under periodic review and decentralized control. All the installations track echelon inventories. Under decentralized control the installations will decide upon replenishment policies that minimize their individual inventory costs. In general these policies do not coincide with the opt...

Will people report both posttraumatic growth and depreciation following a highly stressful event? Using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory as the measure of growth, two studies compared responses to equivalent items designed to assess depreciation. Both types of change were reported, but growth was reported at much higher levels, and there was no correlation between growth and depreciation. Sma...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to suggest a suitable context to develop efficient hospital systems while maintaining the quality of care at minimum expenditures. METHODS This research aimed to present a model of efficiency for selected public and private hospitals of East Azerbaijani Province of Iran by making use of Data Envelopment Analysis approach in order to recognize and suggest t...

In this paper, we study a multi-echelon uncapacitated lot-sizing problem in series (mULS), where the output of the intermediate echelons has its own external demand, and is also an input to the next echelon. We propose a polynomial-time dynamic programming algorithm, which gives a tight, compact extended formulation for the two echelon case (2-ULS). Next, we present a family of valid inequaliti...

Estimating manufacturing costs of a new product or process soon after research and development (R&D) has commenced can provide a good indication of the project’s economic viability. “Early” estimates can be used to direct research efforts to promising opportunities for cost reduction, and allow businesses to better assign resources to new products. Although potentially compromised because some ...

This paper studies how the difference between technical depreciation and tax depreciation affects the firm’s optimal investment strategy. The objective is maximization of shareholder value. When tax depreciation differs from technical depreciation, an additional investment not only generates value due to the fact that the firm can produce more, but also due to the fact that an additional deferr...