Transitions from state socialism generated a startling array of early economic outcomes, ranging from severe economic crises to steady economic growth, and igniting debates about the causal role of policy choices, institutional design, and initial economic circumstances. We depart from prior explanations in two ways. First, we distinguish between causes of initial recessions and causes of varia...

a r t i c l e i n f o Eco-economic regionalization (EER) is to divide an area into geographical zones. Each zone is linked to the others based on the eco-economic similarity and disparity. In this study, models of EER of the Chinese Loess Plateau were constructed. Data on 22 selected indicators were gathered for the 282 administrative counties. Then they were analyzed through an approach of PCA...

In this study, the relationships between financial development, environmental quality and economic growth are studied based on data from 102 countries over the period 1980–2010 using the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation. The econometric results show the following three basic conclusions: First, both financial development and environmental quality have a significant impact on econo...

This paper considers the impact of random machine breakdowns on the classical Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) model for a product subject to exponential decay and under a no-resumption (NR) inventory control policy. A product is manufactured in batches on a machine that is subject to random breakdowns in order to meet a constant demand over an infinite planning horizon. The product is assume...

The relations between language and thought in the normal person, and the connexion between the forms of their disturbance in the dysphasic, are questions which have aroused much discussion and little conclusion. But at least it would seem clear that the nearer an individual's daily occupation approaches to the purely intellectual, the more it is likely to be impeded by even a mild degree of dys...

The province of Quebec, historically known for its unusually high reproductive levels, has in the past few decades experienced a spectacular fertility decline. This more or less abrupt decline in fertility has corresponded with the socioeconomic transformation of this French-speaking province into a modern society. This paper presents a path analysis of period structural factors on fertility ch...

Reaction to medical, social, and genetic implications of Huntington's disease was evaluated by means of a questionnaire mailed to members of a lay organization concerned with this disease in the United States. One thousand and sixty-five of the approximately 2600 members chose to respond. Patients and those at high risk found physical disabilities most disturbing while mental deterioration and ...

The term ‘deteriorated texture’ gives all experts as well as ordinary people almost the sameimpression. Despite common points in images, the differences put Iran cities in different categories based on deteriorated textures. This classification not only has negative effect on the audience from mental point of view but causes various problems for the experts in determining interference method. F...

Abstract— Perishable inventory constitute a large portion of the world economy and include virtually all foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, fashion goods, electronic items, periodicals, digital goods and many more as they lose value with time due to deterioration and/or obsolescence. Retailers dealing with perishable goods have to consider the factors of short shelf life and the dependency of sales v...

1.1 Requirement for arm therapy and clinical background The percentage of aged persons is continuously increasing in many countries, which is becoming a social problem demanding concern from different fields including social science, medical science and engineering. This trend is particularly rigorous in Japan where the aged (over 65 years old) accounted for 20.8% of the total population up to ...