With this PCell wrapper, MGEN layout generators appear like usual SKILL based PCells within DF II. A wrapper PCell must be created for each layout generator. The wrapper PCells just differ in the parameters declarations and the corresponding construction of the layout generator command line. The MGEN environment creates the wrapper PCells automatically. mgenlayoutcds mostran model=nreg w=1u l=1...

Improvements in motor sequence learning come about via goal-based learning of the sequence of visual stimuli and muscle-based learning of the sequence of movement responses. In young adults, consolidation of goal-based learning is observed after intervals of sleep but not following wake, whereas consolidation of muscle-based learning is greater following intervals with wake compared to sleep. W...

The gap between the rich and the poor is rising. During the past 30 years, this difference has been especially pronounced between college graduates and non-college graduates. The ratio of skilled (college educated) wages to unskilled (non-college graduate) wages is called the skill premium, and it has also increased over the past 30 years. The increase in the skill premium has continued despite...

The role of improved schooling, a central part of most development strategies, has become controversial because expansion of school attainment has not guaranteed improved economic conditions. This paper reviews the role of education in promoting economic wellbeing, with a particular focus on the role of educational quality. It concludes that there is strong evidence that the cognitive skills of...

Recent data on emigrant schooling suggests that emigrants are almost universally more skilled than non-emigrants from the same country. For the case of poor source countries and rich destination countries, this runs counter to the negative selection predicted by the Borjas-Roy model of income maximization. We present a different income maximization model that admits positive selection while at ...

Unequal exposure to occupational stressors is a central pathway towards socio-economic health inequalities in working populations. This paper assesses the differential exposure of such stressors within the population of Flemish wage-earners. Our focus is on differences in gender, age, skill levels, occupational and social class positions.

What do employers mean when they say that they face a ‘skill shortage’ at their establishment(s)? How employers conceive of skill shortages matters because they are the prime, often the only, source of information allowing judgments to be made about skills disequilibria. What employers say therefore affects general perceptions about the adequacy, or otherwise, of skills supplies. In Britain’s e...

Do Employment Quotas Explain the Occupational Choices of Disadvantaged Minorities in India? This article investigates the effects of a large-scale public sector employment quota policy for disadvantaged minorities (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) in India on their occupational choices, as defined by skill level, during the 1980s and 1990s. We find that, first, the employment quota policy...

This paper uses administrative data from Sweden to document trends in the labor market returns skills. Between 1992 and 2013, economic return noncognitive skill—a psychologist-assessed measure of teamwork leadership skill—roughly doubled. The cognitive skill was relatively stable decreased modestly during 2000s, however. Among men with similar levels education, is higher than skill. increasing ...

BACKGROUND We test whether traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) about how to make an item predicts a person's skill at making it among the Tsimane' (Bolivia). The rationale for this research is that the failure to distinguish between knowledge and skill might account for some of the conflicting results about the relationships between TEK, human health, and economic development. METHODS We t...