This article summarizes the knowledge to date on biology of the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), including its distribution, development, migration, agricultural host plants, and mechanics of injury to host plants. Damage to alfalfa, potatoes, soybeans, and snap beans, and treatment guidelines, are summarized. Particular attention is given to integrated pest management options in alf...

In this paper, we study an investment problem in which two asymmetric firms face competition and the regime characterizing economic conditions follows Markov switching. We derive the value functions and investment thresholds of a leader and a follower. One of the interesting results is that in contrast to the case of no regime switching, even if the current market size is small, both advantaged...

objective(s):previous studies demonstrated a functional similarity between vertebrate and honey bee nervous systems. the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of heroin and iranian street kerack, a combination of heroin and caffeine, on sensory threshold and locomotor activity in honey bees. materials and methods: all drugs were given orally to honey bees 30 min before each experi...

Multipactor breakdown analysis is presented in cylindrical dielectric resonator waveguide filter under its dual-mode behavior. The method of effective electron algorithm with combination of Monte-Carlo method is used to perform the simulation and predict multipactor breakdown thresholds. The breakdown thresholds of the proposed structure are presented for different values of frequency-gap produ...

background the use of glycemic thresholds for diabetes diagnosis is controversial. however, no information is available regarding glycemic and glycated hemoglobin (hba1c) thresholds for detecting diabetic retinopathy (dr) in the iranian population. objectives the main purpose of the current investigation was to examine the association of fasting plasma glucose (fpg) and hba1c levels with diabet...

Greenhouse gas emissions can trigger irreversible regime shifts in the climate system, known as tipping points. Multiple tipping points a ect each other’s probability of occurrence, potentially causing a ‘domino e ect’. We analyse climate policy in the presence of a potential domino e ect. We incorporate three di erent tipping points occurring at unknown thresholds into an integrated climate–ec...