Extant analyses of the relation between economic conditions and population health were often based on annualized data and were susceptible to confounding by nonlinear time trends. In the present study, the authors used generalized additive models with nonparametric smoothing splines to examine the association between economic conditions, including levels of economic activity in New York State a...

INTRODUCTION Jussi Simpura Trends in alcohol consumption and drinking patterns: sociological and economic explanations and alcohol policies___________________________________ 3 RESEARCH REPORTS Håkan Leifman Homogenisation in alcohol consumption in the European Union ____________________________ 15 Jussi Simpura & Thomas Karlsson Trends in drinking patterns among adult population in 15 European...

BACKGROUND Social changes and economic development are associated with obesity epidemic. This study is to investigate the trends of socio-economic disparity in obesity from 2002 to 2010 in a Chinese population experiencing the world's fastest economic development. METHODS Four standardized surveys were conducted in a population of 85 million residents in Guangdong, China between 2002 and 2010...

The paper studies trends in the urbanization in Russia, discusses advantages and disadvantages of the urbanization to the economic development and provides empirical analysis of the relationship between the economic growth and the urbanization in Russian regions. The results show that Russian economy has not exhausted the resources of the urbanization; however the effect of large cities is not ...

unbalanced multilateralism should be considered as a part of the west world’s strategic policy to confine iran’s economic and international capabilities. indications of unbalanced multilateralism in iran’s economic sanction policymaking are focused on executive mechanisms and america and eu’s legislative bodies. although america and eu have relatively identical strategic objectives toward islam...

When assessing future climate change risks, many initiatives tend to focus on (expected) changes in the domain of natural hazards, while – in terms of exposed elements – current socio-economic, political or cultural characteristics are often extrapolated without assessing possible changes in detail. This is to a great extent due to the fact that the respective trends are extremely difficult to ...

OBJECTIVES This study examines changes in functional and activity limitations 1998-2012 for individuals 55-69. METHODS Logistic models are used to estimate trends in limitations in vision, hearing, physical and cognitive functioning, IADLs, and ADLs. Additional models assess the extent to which trends are associated with and differ by education, smoking, and BMI. RESULTS Changes in prevalen...

OBJECTIVE To reconstruct and analyse mortality trends in children younger than 5 years in sub-Saharan Africa between 1950 and 2000. METHODS We selected 66 Demographic and Health Surveys and World Fertility Surveys from 32 African countries for analysis. Death rates were calculated by yearly periods for each survey. When several surveys were available for the same country, overlapping years we...

The breeding data relating to Hariana herd spread over 18 years (1979-96) were analysed to estimate genetic, phenotypic and environmental changes in characters of economic importance which might have taken place during the several years of selective breeding practiced in the herd. The average genetic changes in a given character were estimated by four methods. The phenotypic trends observed for...