Unemployment is one of the most important economic problems in Iran, so that many of its managers plan to increase employment rates. Increasing the employment rate needs to increase economic productivity which DEA is one of the most appropriate evaluation methods for estimating the productivity of similar organizations. Employment in the amount of data input and output can be just interval. In ...

Water Productivity (WP) of a crop defines the relationship between the economic or physical yield of the crop and its water use. With this concept it is possible to identify disproportionate water use or water-limited yield gaps and thereby support improvements in agricultural water management. However, too often important qualitative and quantitative environmental factors are not part of a WP ...

"Unemployment [in Australia] is affected by two factors: increases in the productivity of labour and increases in its supply. Both of these factors could, in principle, be offset by strong economic growth. But, if the economy grows fast enough to accommodate both productivity gains and the addition of migrants to the labour force, it will draw in more imports and the balance of trade will deter...

F rom the viewpoint of economic theories, total factor productivity (TFP) is the most important component that leads to economic growth and development. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of knowledge-based economy on total factor productivity in the member countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. For this purpose, the panel data regression analysis ha...

As information technology and globalization expand the horizons of economic agents’ production possibilities and decisions, interconnections between productive entities are likely not only expanding but having increasing impacts on production and productivity. Such spillovers may derive from various types of linkages, including those associated with time, space, and industry or sector. Producti...

In the recent past, the Sepetiba Bay watershed, located in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil has experienced rapid industrial development and population growth, as well as an increase in water pollution and environmental degradation. To analyze the complex interrelationships among the agents affecting the Sepetibza Bay environment, a system dynamics model was developed. The model builds on exten...

7 Heihe River Basin is located in the arid inland area of northwest China and is facing 8 serious water shortage problems. Since irrigation is the largest water consumer in the 9 middle reaches of the Basin, it is crucial to study the crop yields and water 10 consumption in order to improve the agricultural water productivity and to support 11 sustainable economic development in this region. Ba...