optimum working life of tractor and farm machinery employed in potato production in hamadan province was assessed through data envelopment analysis. an input oriented model was applied to determine the optimized machinery system. in this model inputs were the lifetime of tractor as well as seven involved machines including moldboard plow, potato planter, chemical fertilizer spreader, tractor mo...

keep in mind the importance of cadmium, cobalt and nickel ions as environmentally and economically strategic heavy metals, the application of two acidic extractants, named bis(2-diethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (dehpa) and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (htta), was assessed for the extraction-recovery of these ions from leached solution of spent rechargeable ni-cd batteries. the conditions for leaching ...

Gamma-valerolactone (GVL) has been synthesized from biomass and can be used as a fuel additive, green solvent, in polymers. The production of nylon GVL attracted growing interest due to application extension. We developed an energy efficient economically viable approach for the synthesis DAs (Dimethyl adipate) esterification using ionic liquid Ru-catalyzed metathesis. A large-scale process simu...

a simple and efficient one-pot method for the preparation of aromatic iodides has been developed by sequential diazotization–iodination of aromatic amines employing sodium nitrite and sodium iodide in the presence of acidic ionic liquid n-methyl-2-pyrrolidonum hydrosulfate ([h-nmp]hso4). the diazonium salts that are formed by this ionic liquid are stable at room temperature and react rapidly wi...

Ionic liquid N-ethylpyridinium hydrogen sulfate has been prepared, characterized and used as an efficient recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of a series of indoles and bis(indolyl)methanes. Latter have been further explored for their potential antimicrobial activity against E coli and Bacillus. The ionic liquid used was recycled in the end and its recovery was facilitated b...

A simple and efficient one-pot method for the preparation of aromatic iodides has been developed by sequential diazotization–iodination of aromatic amines employing sodium nitrite and sodium iodide in the presence of acidic ionic liquid N-methyl-2-pyrrolidonum hydrosulfate ([H-NMP]HSO4). The diazonium salts that are formed by this ionic liquid are stable at room temperature and r...