The signalling peptide encoded by the sonic hedgehog gene is restricted to localised thickenings of oral epithelium, which mark the first morphological evidence of tooth development, and is known to play a crucial role during the initiation of odontogenesis. We show that at these stages in the murine mandibular arch in the absence of epithelium, the Shh targets Ptc1 and Gli1 are upregulated in ...

hyperdontia or supernumerary teeth in both arches without any syndromic manifestation are extremely rare. supernumerary teeth are commonly associated with gardner’s syndrome, cleft lip and palate, cleidocranial dysplasia and trichorhinophalangeal syndrome. five cases of non-syndromic multiple premolars of maxillary and mandibular arches in indian patients are presented here. this case series re...

statement of problem: knowledge of internal anatomy of tooth plays an important role in a successful endodontics treatment. for a proper endodontic treatment, it is not only important to know the form of normal anatomy of tooth’s interior but one must also be acquainted with the possible diverse forms. purpose: a thorough understanding of the internal anatomy of human mandibular incisors (centr...

A novel Ag(I)-induced three-component annulation reaction of [60]fullerene with sulfonylhydrazones and nitriles has been developed for the efficient synthesis of diverse disubstituted [60]fullerene-fused dihydropyrroles. The reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope and excellent functional-group tolerance, and also allows for the synthesis of fullerene-bound macromolecules.

tubal ectopic hydatidiform mole is an uncommon but very important complication of pregnancy. the clinical manifestation is the same as ectopic pregnancy and in all of the cases management was the same as tubal ectopic pregnancy. we present a case of tubal ectopic pregnancy that after laparotomy and salpingectomy, pathologic examination reported hydatidiform mole within ectopic gestational tissu...

ectopic thyroid tissue (ett) is a rare entity and a challenging differential diagnosis. this is a report of a case of a mediastinal mass that was found to be an ectopic mediastinal thyroid tissue, in a 77-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital for breast cancer management. the mediastinal mass was identified in the postsurgical computed tomography (ct) scan of the chest and was suspect...

Disturbances involving abnormalities in tooth eruption are named ectopia. Transmigration is the name assigned to ectopia in the presence of teeth in areas distant from the alveolar process. Initial angulation of the tooth bud of the second premolar and premature loss of permanent mandibular 1st molars can influence the distal migration of the second premolar. Some studies have observed that ect...

Mesiodentes are the most common supernumerary teeth, occurring in 0.15% to 1.9% of the population. Given this high frequency, the general dentist should be knowledgeable about the signs and symptoms of mesiodentes and appropriate treatment. The cause of mesiodentes is not fully understood, although proliferation of the dental lamina and genetic factors have been implicated. Mesiodentes can caus...

Partial or complete mole affects one in 1000  pregnancies.Partial mole is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy. There was a married woman,gravid 4,parity 1,abortion 1,and she had past medical history 0f right ectopic pregnancy.she had left ectopic pregnancy and was treated by laparascopic left salpyngectomy after failure of intramascular methotrexate treatment.After surgery  the pathology exam show...