The thyroid gland is composed of two lobes connected by an isthmus that traverses the midline upper trachea between second and third tracheal rings. most common manifestation dysgenesis hemi agenesis or ectopic tissue. Specifically, incidence rate ranges 0.5 10%. Remember identification other anomalies during preoperative evaluation patients scheduled for surgery would significantly contribute ...

Post-treatment or diagnostic whole-body radioiodine scintigraphy is widely used to assess the residual, recurrence, or metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma because of the high sensitivity and accuracy that this assessment provides. While bearing in mind all the diagnostic potential of this test, we have to consider its’ potential pitfalls, as well. Herein, we present 4 patients with d...

Cervical ectopic thymus (CET), a common embryological anomaly detected incidentally at autopsy, is rarely described in clinical patients. Furthermore, aberrant cervical thymic tissue is an infrequently reported cause of paediatric neck masses. We report a 12-year-old female presenting with multinodular thyroid swelling since seven years of age. FNAC revealed adenomatous goitre with suspicious c...

Elevation of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) in patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is usually found in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A). However, ectopic production of PTH is rare and its molecular etiology remains largely uninvestigated. We report a case of ectopic production of PTH by a sporadic MTC. The etiology of ectopic PTH gene expression was examined, focusing on G...

Intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma is an exceedingly rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. A 51-year-old African American female presented with goiter, hyperparathyroidism, and symptomatic hypercalcemia. Sestamibi scan revealed diffuse activity within an enlarged thyroid gland with uptake in the right thyroid lobe suggestive of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue. The patient underwent t...

• The authors have no financial conflicts of interest. which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To the Editor: Lingual thyroid is a rare embryological anomaly caused by failure of the gland to descend from the foramen cecum to its normal site in the pre-laryngeal area. Its precise pathogenesis is u...

INTRODUCTION: Thyroid ectopia can be found at the site of thyroid origin in the floor of the mouth, or anywhere along its path of embryological descent, thus reflecting the normal migration of thyroid progenitor cells. The most frequent sites of ectopic thyroid tissue are lingual, sublingual, thyroglossal and laryngotracheal, with ectopic intratracheal thyroid (EITT) accounting for a small mino...

A 52-year-old woman presented with a small midline anterior neck mass and a 3-kg-weight loss over the course of one month. The patient was diagnosed with Graves disease based on increased free T4 levels (3.30 ng/dL), suppressed thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (<0.001 IU/mL), and a high titer of TSH receptor antibodies (32.6 IU/L). Scintigraphy with Tc-99m pertechnetate (Fig. 1) also re...

This case report is about a patient with an oropharyngeal mass presenting to our hospital for biopsy under general anesthesia. Because of the great risk of failure of mask ventilation and direct laryngoscopy, an awake fiberoptic intubation was performed successfully. The biopsy revealed a thyroid tissue leading to the diagnosis of ectopic lingual thyroid.