BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To estimate the effects of reducing the prevalence of smoking in lower educated groups on educational differences in life expectancy. METHODS A dynamic Markov-type multistate transition model estimated the effects on life expectancy of two scenarios. A "maximum scenario" where educational differences in prevalence of smoking disappear immediately, and a "policy target...

Prior studies of studentsqqaposxx and adultsqqaposxx cognitive competence have shown large differences between nations, equivalent to a difference of 5 to 10 years of schooling. These differences seem to be relevant because studies using different research paradigms have demonstrated that population-level cognitive abilities are related to a number of important societal outcomes, including prod...

Starting with a novel definition of divided differences, this essay derives and discusses the basic properties of, and facts about, (univariate) divided differences. “It belongs to the most beautiful I have been able to do.”[Newton 1676]

The purpose of this research is to discover factors that significantly affect the future teachers’ decisions regarding the use of educational software in teaching. The study involved nine factors and obtained 112 valid questionnaires. The results revealed that the decision of future teachers on the use of educational software in teaching was affected by six factors: the required effort, persona...

Background: Earlier studies using a double perspective (destination & origin) indicate that several macro-characteristics of both destination and origin countries affect the educational performance of migrant children. This paper explores the extent to which educational system features of destination and origin countries can explain these differences in educational achievement of migrant childr...

factors, revealed an association between ADHD symptoms and educational achievement independent of genetic and environmental pleiotropy. These findings were confirmed in MZ twin intra-pair differences models, twins with more ADHD symptoms scored lower on educational achievement than their co-twins. Furthermore, children with ADHD medication, scored significantly higher on the educational achieve...

BACKGROUND Cause-of-death data linked to information on socioeconomic position form one of the most important sources of information about health inequalities in many countries. The proportion of deaths from ill-defined conditions is one of the indicators of the quality of cause-of-death data. We investigated educational differences in the use of ill-defined causes of death in official mortalit...

BACKGROUND Relative mortality differences between educational level in mortality have been reported among diabetic as well as among non-diabetic subjects in Europe, but data on absolute differences are lacking. We studied the effect of educational disparities on mortality in a Dutch prospective cohort of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS This study was part of the ZODIAC study...

BACKGROUND Smoking reduces life years in good health but it is unclear how education modifies the impact of smoking. We hypothesize that the vulnerability of the effect of smoking on health expectancy decreases with educational level in both genders and examine the contributions of mortality and health effects. METHODS Life tables by educational level and smoking category were constructed fro...