The role of Pasteuria penetrans in suppressing numbers of root-knot nematodes was investigated in a 7-year monocuhure of tobacco in a field naturally infested with a mixed population of Meloidogyne incognita race 1 and M. javanica. The suppressiveness of the soil was tested using four treatments: autoclaving (AC), microwaving (MW), air drying (DR), and untreated. The treated soil bioassays cons...

Staying attached at a favorable site can be a major challenge for organisms in flow. Meeting this challenge depends on properties of the attachment structure and substrate, the nature of fluid flow, and the ability to adjust attachment force in response to hydrodynamic conditions. A broad taxonomic range of adult stages use adhesion or suction to attach to hard substrates in intertidal habitats...

A 3 × 2 factorial arrangements with completely randomized design, with a total of 72 Leghorn Hy-line (W-36) laying hens in the second cycle (98 wk old) of production were randomly assigned to 24 wire cages (45.7×30×30 cm3) and fed with diets containing three levels of guar meal (GM; 0, 4 and 8%) and two levels of β-mannanase (Hemicell®) enzyme (0.00 and 0.05%) for 12 wk period. There...

Root-knot nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne are important pathogens affecting vegetable crop production in Brazil and worldwide. The pepper species Capsicum annuum includes both hot and sweet peppers; very little emphasis has been placed on breeding sweet peppers for nematode resistance. We report on the inheritance of resistance to Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood race 2 in the...

Reproduction ofMeloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria was determined on 25 commercial tropical corn hybrids in greenhouse studies. Soil around corn seedlings was infested with 3,000 eggs/plant. Reproduction was quantified from counts of egg masses on roots stained with phloxine B 60 days after soil infestation. All of the tropical hybrids were susceptible to M. incognita and M. arenaria. Egg mas...

the tomato leafminer, tuta absoluta (meyrick), is one of the most important pests of tomato, solanum lycopersicum l., in iran. in this research, natural enemies diversity of t. absoluta and proportion of predators or parasitoids density to moth eggs or larvae density on five tomato cultivars including super strain b, super chief, mobil, korral, and early urbana y were studied in an experimental...

BACKGROUND Snail intermediate host control is a widely canvassed strategy for schistosomiasis control in endemic countries. While there have been increasing studies on the search for potent molluscicides in the past years, the use of nanoparticulate agents as molluscicides is yet to gain wide attention. The aim of this study was to assess the molluscicidal potential of curcumin-nisin poly lacti...

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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of feeding 5 different energy and nutrient dense diets to Hy-Line W-36 hens on long-term performance and economics. A total of 480 19 wk old Hy-Line W-36 Single Comb White Leghorn hens were weighed and randomly allocated to 6 replicate groups of 16 hens each (2 adjacent cages containing 8 hens per cage, 60.9×58.4 cm) per dietary treatmen...