A state space method is proposed for analyzing surface instability of elastic layers with elastic properties varying in the thickness direction. By assuming linear elasticity with nonlinear kinematics, the governing equations for the incremental stress field from a fundamental state are derived for arbitrarily graded elastic layers subject to plane-strain compression, which lead to an eigenvalu...

We consider the spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation for inelastic hardspheres (with constant restitution coefficient α ∈ (0, 1)) under the thermalization induced by a host medium with a fixed Maxwellian distribution. We prove uniqueness of the stationary solution (with given mass) in the weakly inelastic regime; i.e., for any inelasticity parameter α ∈ (α0, 1), with some constructive α0 ∈ ...

In this study, unconfined compression tests have been conducted to investigate the impacts of copper slag on mechanical characteristics for stabilized cement and un-stabilized soil. Dozens of specimens were prepared at four percentages of cement (i.e. 0%, 2%, 4% and 6%) and five percentages of copper slag (i.e. 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) by weight of dry soil. The samples compacted into a cylind...