BACKGROUND Cape Town has one of the highest TB burdens of any city in the world. In 1900 the City of Cape Town, New York City and London had high mortality of tuberculosis (TB). Throughout the 20th century contemporaneous public health measures including screening, diagnosis and treatment were implemented in all three settings. Mandatory notification of TB and vital status enabled comparison of...

The aim of this study was to characterize untrained Nandi boys (mean age 16.6 years) from a town (n = 11) and from a rural area (n = 19) in western Kenya (altitude approximately 2000 m.a.s.l.) in regard to their body dimensions, oxygen uptake and physical activity level. The town boys had a mean maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2 max)) of 50 (range: 45-60) mL kg(-1) min(-1), whereas the village boys r...

The effects of home-based HIV counseling and testing on HIV/AIDS stigma among individuals and community leaders in western Kenya: Evidence from a clusterrandomized trial Corinne Low, Cristian Pop-Eleches, Winnie Rono, Evan Plous, Angeli Kirk, Samson Ndege, Markus Goldstein & Harsha Thirumurthy a Department of Economics, Columbia University, NY, USA b School of International and Public Affairs, ...

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, 2 Centre for High Performance Computing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Cape Town, South Africa, 3 Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study, Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 4 Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in...

PURPOSE Although approximately one-third of agricultural equipment-related crashes occur near town, these crashes are thought to be a rural problem. This analysis examines differences between agricultural equipment-related crashes by their urban-rural distribution and distance from a town. METHODS Agricultural equipment crashes were collected from nine Midwest Departments of Transportation (2...

■ There are not enough “before and after” studies in the literature to be certain of impacts in different circumstances and over time, and particularly in terms of town centres. Better town centre and retail monitoring would deliver benchmarking for assessing impacts and changes. Literature review: policies adopted to support a healthy retail sector and retail led regeneration and the impact of...