The rapid increase of non-linear loads in the last three decades has caused electrical quantities such as voltages and currents in 3-phase distribution systems to become distorted waveforms. This paper reviews, explains and discusses some new concepts, definitions and new available theory in the unbalanced and distorted systems. The usefulness of the proposed practical definitions is investigat...

The arcing duration of a switching operation is a critical input parameter in condition-based switchgear monitoring algorithms. In this paper we propose a new non-intrusive method that directly measures the duration of the electrical arc discharge during current interruption in switchgear. The method relies on coupling of the VHF electric fields generated by the arc. The required hardware used ...

This paper presents guidelines for the accurate evaluation of harmonics and flicker generated by ac electric arc furnaces, and its propagation through transmission and distribution systems. It is presented a typical case where a HV system supplies a high capacity arc furnace. The electrical network is simulated using the ATP version of the EMTP where a non-linear time-varying three-phase arc mo...

Electric arc stabilized by a vortex of liquid, mostly water, is used in a special type of plasma torch for generation of thermal plasma jet with extreme plasma parameters. The paper presents analysis of properties and processes of water stabilized arcs and discusses differences from common gas stabilized arcs. Plasma torch utilizing stabilization of arc column by combination of gas flow and liq...

Attempting to derive the field-aligned current (FAC) density using the EISCAT radar and to understand the role of the ionosphere on closing FACs, we conducted special radar experiments with the EISCAT radar on 9 October 1999. In order to derive the gradient of the ionospheric conductivity (grad6) and the divergence of the electric field (div E) nearly simultaneously, a special experiment employ...

The present study shows the relationship between welding quality and optical-acoustic emissions from electric arcs, during welding runs, in the GMAW-S process. Bead on plate welding tests was carried out with pre-set parameters chosen from manufacturing standards. During the welding runs interferences were induced on the welding path using paint, grease or gas faults. In each welding run arc vo...

The rapid increase of non-linear loads in the last three decades has caused electrical quantities such as voltages and currents in 3-phase distribution systems to become distorted waveforms. This paper reviews, explains and discusses some new concepts, definitions and new available theory in the unbalanced and distorted systems. The usefulness of the proposed practical definitions is investigat...